Journal of Business & Financial Affairs

In this paper author examined the behaviour of NEER and REER of euro in Euro Area during the period of 1994m01-2023m03 using the monthly data where Hamilton decomposition and ARIMA models were applied including the trends of nonlinearity. Moreover, the forecast ARIMA model was used to analyse the converging process during the course of volatility of the exchange rate. Whether the forecast ARIMA model is suitable for convergence towards equilibrium with or without pass through the Hamilton regression filter model have been verified.

The purpose of this study is to examine the application and the effect of extrinsic and intrinsic rewards on employee performance in commercial banks in Puntland. Amal Bank which is among the oldest in the state has been considered as the case for this study. The study adopted a regression research design to establish the effect of the variables in question. Both simple and purposive sampling techniques have been employed to have 28 participants from Amal Bank respond to the study tool which was semi-structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis to derive the conclusions of this study. Majority of the respondents have attained Bachelor’s and Master’s educational levels and have worked in the banking sector for more than 4 years. Of the two variables, extrinsic reward is the most significant predictor to performance of commercials banks explaining up to 48.7% change in the performance of employees while intrinsic rewards accounted for a change of up to 31.1%. The combination of the two in the rewarding of employees presented a value of 2.67. Based on the study findings, it is recommended that proper training, known rewarding strategies, and promotions be given to employees, irrespective of their gender and other social characteristics. The management should also create a culture of visibly recognizing high performing employees to encourage them and increase their morale as this will eventually motivate others to perform better. Furthermore, while employees may vary physically and mentally, the management should align their tasks with their edge of abilities, and respond to their needs individually.

In an era of unprecedented economic uncertainty, businesses face mounting challenges in maintaining stability and growth. This paper examines essential strategies for bolstering business resilience in 2023. Drawing on a comprehensive review of current economic trends, case studies, and expert insights, the study offers actionable recommendations to navigate turbulent times. Key areas of focus include financial agility, adaptable supply chains, strategic technology adoption, and proactive risk management. By implementing these strategies, businesses can fortify their foundations, ensuring sustained success in an unpredictable market landscape.

The rapid advancement of digital technologies has precipitated a profound paradigm shift in the business landscape. This paper explores the phenomenon of digital transformation and its far-reaching impact on traditional business models. Through a comprehensive analysis of case studies, industry reports, and expert insights, this study elucidates the strategies, challenges, and potential benefits associated with embracing digitalization. It examines how businesses, irrespective of size or sector, can leverage emerging technologies to enhance operational efficiency, customer engagement, and innovation. By delving into this transformative force, this paper aims to equip organizations with the knowledge needed to navigate the dynamic terrain of digital transformation and thrive in an increasingly digitized economy.

The surge in sustainable investments marks a paradigm shift in the financial landscape, heralding a new era in ethical finance. This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the burgeoning trend of sustainable investments, exploring its drivers, impact, and potential implications for investors and the global economy. Drawing on a synthesis of current market trends, empirical studies, and expert analyses, this study elucidates the key factors fueling the rise of sustainable investments. Additionally, it evaluates the performance of sustainable portfolios, shedding light on their risk-return profile. By delving into this transformative force in finance, this paper seeks to equip investors and financial professionals with the knowledge and insights needed to navigate the evolving terrain of ethical finance.