Journal of Business & Financial Affairs

We are accustomed to thinking about accounting1 as the "language of business" and using it as our lens to observe and assess the success of businesses. Accounting's most basic definition is the expression of events, transactions, or physical flows in a financial form. Such information is gathered, categorised, compiled, and reported in order to depict financial performance. As a result, accounting replaces other acceptable formats or methods of conveying performance and frequently becomes the dominating notion through which corporate performance is regarded for a discussion of interactions between accounting and other forms of organisational knowledge). Therefore, at its most fundamental level, accounting is a technical discipline.

Utilizing a company's net assets effectively is the subject of cash flow management. When it comes to financial management, tactical cash flow planning is an essential task carried out to make the most of the resources at hand and, when necessary, to reduce financial costs brought on by the need for third-party resources. Companies pay close attention to cash surpluses and deficits because they have the option of investing their funds in marketable securities or, in the case of a cash deficit, borrowing money. The rules for controlling the cash balance should also be established as part of the management of a number of time-structured aspects, such as seasonality impacts and particular payments, among others.

The stylised reality that women typically have lesser financial literacy than males is the subject of this study. According to our data, which is drawn from a sample of Bangkok's middle class, there is no gender pay disparity among individuals who make at least the minimum wage. Men's lack of financial awareness or women's higher income and better education cannot account for this outcome. Instead, national variables, such as Thailand's minimal gender differences in secondary school attendance and mathematics proficiency among students and women's prominent engagement in financial issues, may influence gender equality in the financial sector.