International Journal of Economics & Management Sciences

Selecting the right fulfillment method is a critical decision for Amazon sellers aiming to maximize their profitability and streamline operations. This article dives deep into the differences between Fulfillment by Amazon (FBA) and Fulfilled by Merchant (FBM), covering their strengths and weaknesses. Key aspects such as cost structure, inventory management, customer experience, and scalability are discussed, helping sellers choose the most effective approach for their specific needs. Real-world examples and a comparison table provide additional insights into optimizing Amazon sales.

This study investigates the impact of climate change on cocoa crop production in Nigeria from 1980 to 2022 using country specific data on climate change factors like rainfall, temperature, and gas emissions; and cocoa crop output. We relied on the translog analytical technique of Christensen, Jorgenson and Lau that allows for greater flexibility in measuring environmental relationships compared to other traditional measurement techniques. Our finding suggests that at their individual levels, rainfall and carbon(IV)oxide exhibited positive output pressure on cocoa production. Within the same measures, a single percentage rise in the temperature level and gas flared quantity will negatively affect cocoa output to the value of 51% and 76% loss respectively that are statistically significant. However, deepening temperature and carbon(IV)oxide simultaneously deepen cocoa output positively within the region of 5% and 84% rise and statistically significant at one percent level of significance. Also, we found that rainfall and temperature combined, produces an insignificant positive impact on cocoa output of nearly 87% at every 10%rise in combined rainfall and temperature and the combined effect of rainfall and gas flared of say 10% increase had a combined impact of at least 20% increase in cocoa output that is not significant. This paper recommends cocoa production ranging to mitigate our country specific climate aided impact of gas flaring from oil production areas added to climate related planning for Nigeria in years following this report.

The aim of this study was to establish the interlink between inflation rates, interest rates, gross domestic product and oil price movement on the stock market returns. The study aimed to ascertain the reaction of the stock market to a movement in each of the macroeconomic variables. The effect of the movement of oil prices on the stock market returns was also measured. Published time series data from 1990 to 2022 was sourced from the NSE, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics and the Central Bank of Kenya. Empirical results from the regression model concluded that oil price movement displayed a major relationship with stock market volatility. A percentage point movement in the price of oil, the model forecasted stock market return drop of 0.4%. Inflation rates, Interest rates and gross domestic product returned immaterial relationships. The impact of a standard deviation shock on each of the macroeconomic variables on stock market returns concluded that shock in oil prices was both negative and positive confirming their asymmetric relationship.

The main purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of the external debt service and decisive impacts in Ethiopia. The annual time series data span from 1987/88 to 2021/22 EFY is used. Based on criteria of pre-estimation and ability to capture dynamism among the variables the study used Auto Regressive and Distributed Lag model (ARDL). The finding shows that; the nature of external debt service of Ethiopia is fluctuate overtime due to varies factors. Incorporated variables in the model are RGDP, consumer price index, current account balance, trade openness, total export of goods and service, real effective exchange rate, government effectiveness and external debt. The result of ARDL estimation model reveals that consumer price index and external debt have negative impacts on external debt service of Ethiopia. While, real gross domestic product and trade openness has positive impacts on debt repayment of Ethiopia. Implication of positive trade openness and economic growth indicate that having out and in ward with international trading partner also having improved infrastructural development are important to make easy external debt service of Ethiopia. It makes easy to attract foreign direct investment and sustainable economic growth. Contrary, higher inflation and higher external debt has leads discourage the inflow of FDI or business activity. The findings suggest that; the need to curb inflation and having not much external debt as well promoting investment on production of exportable goods and service sectors that generate foreign currency is making easy to repay external debt of Ethiopia.

Microfinance schemes aim to empower women, but their impact is debated. While some studies show positive outcomes, others find negatives or neutrals. Research often quantifies empowerment through outcome-based metrics, like access to credit, yielding positive results. However, viewing empowerment as a process, such as credit usage and repayment, reveals contradictions. For instance, increased income may not always signify empowerment if women lose control over loans or bear sole responsibility for repayment. Our study, based on 2022-23 data from Gurugram, stresses the need to consider both outcomes and processes in assessing empowerment. Analysing data from 300 women households in Gurugram, we find that the impact of microfinance on women's empowerment remains contentious despite its role in household crises management. Comparing 150 microcredit participants with 150 non-participants, the study analysed "household susceptivity" and "empowerment" using contextual indicators. While microfinance helps households in crises, it falls short in directly empowering women. Indicators of susceptivity and empowerment vary across cultures, necessitating context-specific assessments. Women often allocate credits to household needs, but lack of co-ownership disempowers them. Policy implications include addressing patriarchal control over assets and promoting entrepreneurial ventures through co-ownership, monitoring, and training.