Epilepsy Journal

Epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, often coexists with cognitive dysfunction. While structural brain abnormalities detected by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are commonly associated with cognitive impairments in epilepsy, a subgroup of individuals presents a puzzling scenario-normal MRI findings in the presence of cognitive dysfunction. This article explores the intriguing phenomenon of cognitive impairment in epilepsy with normal MRI results. Various hypotheses, including microstructural changes, functional connectivity alterations, and neuroinflammation, are discussed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Clinically, a comprehensive assessment, individualized treatment, and regular monitoring are essential for addressing cognitive dysfunction in these cases. A deeper understanding of this paradox may lead to improved strategies for managing cognitive dysfunction in epilepsy, regardless of MRI outcomes.

Elevating evidence underscores a strong connection between gut microbiota and bone diseases, yet the presence of a definitive causal link between them remains elusive. In this investigation, we conducted a comprehensive examination of the association between gut microbiota and skeletal disorders utilizing genome-wide association studies. We employed linkage disequilibrium score regression and Mendelian randomization to delve into genetic causation. Additionally, we explored the possible intermediary role of neuropsychological states, such as cognition, depression, and insomnia, in the relationship between gut microbiota and bone diseases through mediation analysis. Genetic colocalization analysis was employed to identify potential targets. Our findings point to a direct causal connection between Ruminococcaceae and knee Osteoarthritis (OA), with this association seemingly influenced by cognitive performance and insomnia. Likewise, we observed a causal link between Burkholderiales and lumbar pelvic fractures, mediated by cognitive performance. Colocalization analysis revealed a shared causal variant (rs2352974) at the TRAF-interacting protein locus, impacting both cognitive ability and knee OA. This study presents compelling evidence that modifications in gut microbiota may enhance cognitive abilities, alleviate insomnia, and potentially reduce the risk of site-specific fractures and OA. Consequently, strategies aimed at optimizing gut microbiota could represent innovative and efficacious preventive measures against fractures and OA.

Thalamotomy, a neurosurgical procedure used to treat movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease and essential tremor, has evolved significantly with advancements in technology and surgical techniques. This article explores the importance of intraoperative clinical and accelerometric assessments in predicting thalamotomy outcomes. Intraoperative clinical assessments provide real-time feedback on neurological status, ensuring safety and customization of the procedure. Accelerometric assessments offer objective measurements of tremor severity, aiding in targeted lesioning. Integrating these assessments allows for a patient-centered approach, enhancing the likelihood of successful outcomes while minimizing side effects. This article emphasizes the significance of these assessments in improving thalamotomy precision and patient outcomes.

This study investigates the heterogeneity of theta/beta ratio variations among subpopulations exhibiting ADHD symptoms and their corresponding impacts on cognitive performance. By exploring distinct patterns of theta/beta ratios, we aim to advance the development of neuropsychological profiling techniques for more precise patient subgrouping. Our findings underscore the potential for tailored interventions and improved clinical management within the realm of ADHD.

This research presents a comprehensive neurophysiological evaluation of cognitive load in the context of Augmented Reality (AR) interactions within diverse industrial maintenance and assembly tasks. We examine how AR technology impacts cognitive load by analyzing physiological responses and cognitive performance metrics. Our study employs a range of neurophysiological measurements, including electroencephalography, heart rate variability, and eye-tracking, to assess cognitive load variations during AR interactions. Findings reveal nuanced insights into the relationship between AR technology and cognitive load, shedding light on its potential benefits and challenges in real-world industrial applications.

This study investigates how the perception of primary facial emotions affects corticospinal excitability. Corticospinal excitability is measured using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) while participants view facial expressions displaying various primary emotions. The results reveal significant modulation of corticospinal excitability in response to specific facial emotions, shedding light on the intricate interplay between emotion perception and motor system activity.

This study investigates the thermal responses of laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) when subjected to six different euthanasia methods, utilizing infrared thermography as a means of assessment. The aim is to comprehensively analyze the thermal changes associated with each method, providing valuable insights into the welfare and humane treatment of research animals during euthanasia procedures. Our findings shed light on the effectiveness and potential stress-inducing factors of these methods, contributing to improved animal welfare practices in laboratory settings.

This study examines alterations in brain motor-network connectivity during the resting state in adolescents going through puberty, with a particular focus on understanding sex-related variations. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from a diverse cohort of pubertal individuals were analyzed to investigate connectivity patterns within the motor network. Our findings reveal notable differences in motor-network connectivity between male and female participants during this critical developmental period. Understanding these sex-related variations in motornetwork connectivity can provide valuable insights into the neurological basis of sex differences in motor function and its implications for adolescent development.

Seronegative Myasthenia Gravis (SNMG) presents a diagnostic and therapeutic conundrum in the field of neurology. This review delves into the intricacies of SNMG, shedding light on the complexities of its diagnosis and management. While conventional diagnostic markers may not be present in SNMG patients, emerging research has unveiled potential alternative diagnostic methods. Moreover, the management of SNMG poses unique challenges, necessitating a tailored approach for each patient. This review explores the current state of knowledge, highlighting both the advances and remaining uncertainties in the realm of SNMG.

This study explores the efficacy of a multidisciplinary approach in managing common neuropsychiatric cases within a single patient. By involving three distinct healthcare providers, including psychiatrists, neurologists, and therapists, this approach aims to offer comprehensive and holistic care. The study analyzes patient outcomes, treatment synergy, and the overall effectiveness of this collaborative model.