Arts and Social Sciences Journal

Sport for enlargement of peace has become a familiar technique of intercession in deprived societies chiefly in the unindustrialized nations and states. The sports has energetic role in promotion of peace acting as a catalyst of harmony. This paper discovers the past background and progression of sport for expansion of peace both as a societal interference approach and a new notion of critical conflict literacy is explained. The paper is based upon the peace building theories and highlights the techniques in which sport may provision peace erection and skirmish perseverance practices. The objectives of the paper are Sports have cross culture nature for peace development and Peace through sports is a major component of social intervention. A reliable likert scale of 10 items with 5 choices has been used for responses regarding role of sports in the peace development was recycled regarding the role of sports in peace development in the Gomal University students. A sport is the major weapon to make agreements between the nations to build a friendly relationship and co-operating each other in financial and other issue.

In general, baitulmal is a store treasury or property house which manages all Islamic community property and financial resource. Therefore Baitulmal primary responsibility managing assets and finance that owned and entrusted to Muslim communities such as zakat, wakf property,‘usyur, khaaraj and different source that permitted by Islamic law in effort help Muslims for poverty eradication and socio-economic development. This article is intended to examine the baitulmal management during the period of Caliph Umar ibn Abdul Aziz. This is important because Caliph Umar ibn Abdul Aziz have made several revolutions throughout his reign. Based on textual analysis that was carried out, Six critical success factors have been identified in the treasury management of that time. Six critical success factor are the creation of a healthy climate for economic growth, the strengthening of treasury funds, stimulating and boosting the business sector, creating new rules for the agriculture sector, giving focus to the general fund stored in the treasury. The last factor is vigilant with the use of the national treasury.

This research work studies ‘The Interrelationships between Western Imperialism and Underdevelopment in Africa’. The developed countries of the Northern hemisphere of the world especially Western Europe and the United States of America (USA) have been at the gaining end of the parasitic and asymmetrical relationship between the North and the impoverished South, this asymmetric relationship is what is today known as imperialism. Thus this study focuses on discovering how imperialism has led to economic, socio-cultural and political underdevelopment in Africa. This work is guided by a mix of the dependency theory and an analysis of Rostow’s five stages of economic growth from a structural-functional perspective. This work hence discovers that underdevelopment in Africa is the direct consequence of continued imperialism of the Western capitalist nations on African states and the weak economic, political and socio-cultural structures created by colonialism and sustained by imperialism-in-continuum. This work finally concludes by making recommendation on how the adverse impacts Western imperialism can be combated on the long run.

A critical function that an organization should perform is that of getting its employees motivated. Every country, be it a capitalist or socialist, developed or developing aims at securing maximum productivity in every sector of its economy in order to sustain its economic viability. This article discovered that most countries with low productivity growth experienced this due to inadequate motivation of employees. While wages and salaries play an important role in determining productivity growth in less developed countries, low income ceases to have a significant effect on productivity growth in highly developed countries due to other motivational incentives and modern technological facilities made available to their employees. Nigerian public sector has low productivity as measured by its output in relation to its capital and labor inputs. This problem is majorly predicated on government non sustainability action towards labor and its insensitivity towards the unprecedented poor wages and incentives given to public workers. This article is to gear up the government to take a pro-active step that will enhance sustainable development which includes: formulation and implementation of good policies on wages and salary review, corruption and mismanagement of funds, good governance, and national development plans.

This article is about Mona Lisa’s gaze where it is accepted for about 500 years that she is looking at her viewers from all directions she is viewed from. However, a thorough experimental study about her view has never been done. As a researcher, the author has decided to check this phenomenon experimentally. 500 people were asked to look at her picture from right, front and left sides. The results were surprising and negate the well-known myth that Mona Lisa looks at the observer from all directions viewed. Only 65% confirmed that Mona Lisa gave back a look to them. In addition 93% confirmed that Mona Lisa was looking at them while observing at her from the right, 72% from the front and 78% from the left. Following this result brought the author to formulate the following principle: “if you look at any detail in a picture and this detail turns to you, it will turn from each direction you view it: from right, from front, from left, from above and from below. However, if from your looking direction the element does not turn to you, it will never turn to you”. Thus, don’t view a picture only from the front. Move from right to left and the opposite and you will start to feel that the elements that turned to you from a certain direction will start to “move” in your brain to every direction from which you view them.

Motivation is ann important element influencing learning and achievement. It is believed to affect human behaviour in a various situation like; learning, thinking, perceptions, creativity, and feelings. Many students cannot learn effectively as a result of not been stimulated. The present study aimed to identify a relationship between parental involvement (parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision making and collaboration with the community) and students’ intrinsic motivation for learning Islamic education. The study used Quantitative approach; a survey type of descriptive study was employed. Two separate questionnaires were administered to a sample of 335 parents with their children attending the national religious secondary schools known as SMKA in Kuala Terengganu. The collected data was analysed using a statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 19. The finding shows a moderate positive relationship between parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision making, collaboration with community and intrinsic motivation on learning Islamic education. Therefore, Schools should endeavour to plan tirelessly, so as to strengthen their commitment and enhance their relationship with parents as they are the co-partners in learning achievement of Islamic education.

Scholars argue that there is a mutual relationship between built environment, social interactions (and/or social capital) and livability: the form of the built environment contributes to the construction of social capital and/or enhancement of livability. Therefore in order to enhance livability, the built environment should provide the arena encouraging social activities. The study of the relationship between built environment, social capital and livability has focused on existing spatial environments at macro level or urban scale. Namely, regardless of the interest to this relationship, direct assessment of the extent to which the built environment of West Bay, the new business precinct of Doha, contributes to the formation and enhancement of social capital, has not been investigated yet. Therefore, this research project aims at filling this gap in the literature. The paper argues that the current spatial form of the built environment of West Bay does not facilitate the development of social activities, which in turn contribute the formation of social capital and enhancement of livability. The aim of the paper is to explore and explain the extent to which the spatial form of the built environment of West Bay can be implemented in order to enhance social interactions and/or social capital and, therefore, to contribute to create a more livable environment. Data is obtained from a household survey and focus group interviews that measured the social capital of tenants living in eight high-rise buildings in West Bay, through their involvement in social activities within the built environment. This allowed understanding how the built environment of West Bay should be modified in order to enhance social capital and consequently implement livability in the neighborhood. The analysis indicates that (1) tenant living in West Bay have low level of social capital and that (2) in order to enhance livability, the spatial form of the neighborhood’s built environment needs to be implemented with public spaces, mixed-use neighborhood design, efficient public transport systems, pedestrian and bicycle networks. This would contribute to create a sense of community and expand opportunity for social interactions, which in the end would contribute to enhance livability.

In today competitive environment, sycophantic behaviour played in every organisation significant role and the organisation environment also influenced by this behaviour. If we go into deep discussion, we realize as well that this behaviour is behaviour to get competitive advantage for personal growth. It is also observed that, performance of organisation depends upon the surrounding as read in many HRM books that “Good environment leads to good performance of any companies”. Service industry required team spirit for increasing performance level and for that behaviour is generally being adopted by the employees to please their bosses. Some questions arise like: 1) what does sycophancy means? 2) How does it influence the environment? And does have positive impact on employee Performance? To do Oiling and battering to their bosses to get promotion and good place in the industry is known as sycophancy. According Ekong and Essien, the sycophantic groups are those who involve more in intrigues, lying about others to cause confusion-official liar and those who pretend to be the adviser to the political leader. But their false praise performance and outputs may vary. The above matter can be seen in private sector as well in public or government sector also at some extent. But if we talk about government sector, Jhatial found in his study that 80% of respondents in government sector agreed that connection or sifarish, references, sycophancy and cronyism play significant role in HRM decision making process whereas only 20% of respondents found that it have done on merit based decision.

Fatwa is a Muslim religious practice which helps to mould the thoughts and actions for a particular community or person on any special issue, which effects social, economic and personal interest. The institution of fatwa plays a vital role in the contemporary society where different people and different legal regimes exist. It can be utilized as an instrument of social, political and religious control. In Malaysia, a fatwa has been institutionalized and has been used in all spheres of administration and activities related to human endeavor. On the other hand Pakistan is also an Islamic country and its constitution of the country is Islamic. Fatwa in Pakistan is not institutionalized. There are a lot of problems raised in Pakistan and reason is that there is no any Islamic legal institution to administer that issues. There is a need to take Malaysia Fatwa as a model to give legal status and give judiciary the power to implement that Islamic verdict.

Besides educational, economical, financial and social development of an individual, it is essential to bring about holistic social development as well; in order to bring about holistic social development of an individual, it is vital to understand certain approaches and strategies. In this research manuscript, there have been certain areas that identify the significance of holistic social development and these have been sustainability, some basic principles for a holistic approach to sustainable development, usage of technology, technology leads to development of the students, promoting science and culture for development, holistic approaches to early child development, and holistic development strategies. In order to bring about holistic social development of an individual, there have been number of aspects that play a crucial role such as ones family, community, educational institutions, learning, technology, science, culture and development of the ways of effective communications. In India, in rural areas, most of the individuals are still living in deprived, socio-economic backward sections of the society, they are poverty stricken, they lack the opportunities to go to school to acquire even basic literacy skills which are essential for them to develop and they do not have access to proper employment opportunities; these factors have been regarded to be the main impediments during the course of holistic social development. When individuals do not have access to a social network, when they are residing in seclusion and when they have not developed within themselves effective communication skills then they would encounter obstacles during the course of their holistic social development.

This research may contribute to the development of studies for geographically investigate or ethnic historically the origins or changes of Geographical Names. According Rostaing “The Toponymy intends to seek the origin of place names and also to study its transformations. “Quantifying these changes can reveal relationships proximity of words that the indicator is proposed. Example: change naming a neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro City- BR suffered, formerly known as “REAL ENG °” becoming in the “Realengo” neighborhood. Assign a distance value of this change can reveal never before made associations. Thus, research walked in the search for solutions that fit issues of computational linguistics and textual similarity indices applied to the Geographical Names, that these attributes become binding key-in processing queries to different databases. The goal is to enable the management and recovery of a large body of data. This indicator similarity proposed in this paper has been tested and confronted between experiments with simulated data. The main results of the experiments recognized standards in testing, and the importance of the variable noise position in the string, as well as usage limits for similarity component in the integration of databases.

Research for development policy for the Effective Research University used the principle of policy research divided into three stages: 1) the synthesis document 2) Interviews of experts and 3) focus group discussion. Target groups include administrators, faculty member and university researchers. Research tools were documentary analysis questionnaires and the focus group form. The analysis and interpreted data were performed by content analysis. Research findings of Leading Research University with international quality and standards as importance goal which requires challenge strategies aimed to integrative change as follows, preparing personnel together, determine the faculty strategies to support personnel and researchers, using a variety of research products, creative works develop into applied research and development research and create system and mechanisms of intellectual property to develop into commercial applications continuously. Establishing research fund to motivate faculty members researchers and graduate students for knowledge technologies to be utilized and satisfy the needs of local and nationally. Knowledge management of the experiences of a senior researcher, support the teaching and learning process by using the study as a base by integrating research and teaching at both the subjects and courses including the use of research-based knowledge to manage the process of decision making, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation and improvement work. Support for research and transfer research to the public focus on professional development and quality of life as well as the base for the development of networking and knowledge sharing. Awards and recognition/reward and honor researchers and research institution with outstanding performance in research and innovation to accelerate the strengthening of research integration, towards self-reliance build competitiveness and social guides.

The study was to determine strategic challenges of leaders for development higher education toward excellence. The principles of education management to excellence were important and interesting to manage quality in overall. The study was made in total quality management (TQM). There were three phases in the research, Phases 1 synthesis journal of research, Phase 2 focus group discussion and Phase 3 case study and best practices. The results showed that strategic challenges of leaders for development higher education toward excellence into four main themes. They were: Customer Focus, Management by Processes and Facts, Results Orientation, and the role leadership and good governance.