Arts and Social Sciences Journal

To make informed decisions and maximise China's efforts to reduce energy poverty, a simulation model for energy poverty policy is created. The model investigates the time-varying behaviour of the energy poverty system across time using system dynamic modelling, and scenario analysis is performed to evaluate and identify the most effective scenario. The findings indicate that from 2021 to 2030, there will be a gradual improvement of energy poverty. In 2030, the energy poverty index in scenarios I through VI will drop by 47.98%, 62.08%, 43.19%, 53.31%, 62.22%, and 88.42%, respectively, compared to 2011. While energy structure adjustment has a dual role in reducing energy poverty, it also has a considerable positive impact on employment and financial spending. China could attain its goals most effectively through a combination strategy.

We examine the effects of the Ajuda Mtua (AM) reciprocal adult work programme on child labour and education. A possible reason for AM's introduction to the Nampula province of Mozambique, where child labour is used in farm production, is the failure of the labour and finance markets. We calculate that AM reduces child labour by eight percentage points using difference in differences. In our view, AM lowers child labour by offering inexpensive adult labour and maybe raising farm output. The effects of Village Saving and Loan Associations (VSLA) and the combined effects of AM and VSLA are compared to the results of AM (VAM). Both VSLA and VAM do not lessen child labour. if credit is applied in a way that raises labour demand over what AM labour can support market failures may be more successful at reducing child labor than addressing financial market failures. Results on schooling are mixed.