Journal of Animal Health and Behavioural Science

Livestock reproductive performance is a prerequisite for any successful livestock production program and it is depends up on the factors viz. parturition interval, ovarian activity, days open, fertility and age at first parturition, litter size and annual reproductive rate. However, the above mentioned factors are influenced directly or indirectly by the occurrence of freemartin animal within the flock or farm. The objective of this review was to organize the condensed information about the causes for the occurrence of freemartin, development and way of examining a freemartin animal and its influence on livestock reproductive performance. A freemartin is genetically female, but has many characteristics of a male. The ovaries of the freemartin do not develop correctly, and they remain very small, also the ovaries do not produce the hormones necessary to induce the behavioral signs of heat. The external vulvar region can range from a very normal looking female to a female that appears to be male. Usually, the vulva is normal except that in some animals an enlarged clitoris and large tufts of vulvar hair exist. It can be diagnosed in a number of ways ranging from simple examination of the placental membranes to chromosomal analysis. Understanding about the freemartin syndrome is important to take measure by the livestock keepers, farm managers or veterinarian to cull the heifer at her early age or keep it as a teaser bull and/or as draft animal.

The aim of the review is to condense the information about reproductive performance of different indigenous dairy cattle breeds of Ethiopia on parameters viz. age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI), day open (DO), number of service preconception (NSPC). These parameters also affected by different factors associated with either to the management such as method of husbandry, feeding system, estrus detection, semen quality handling as well as factors related to cow’s management such as age, body condition score, post-partum problem, disease event, milk yield and genetics, feed shortage/poor nutrition with poor husbandry and herd health management are important factors that contributed to reproductive inefficiency. Appropriate feed resources and reproductive health management, a reliable AI service and an appropriate level of husbandry could be the management options to reduce/alleviate some of the prevailing problems related to reproductive efficiency. Thus the responsible body; ministry of agriculture has to be given more emphasis to reduce the influence of different factors on the reproductive performances of indigenous cattle through enhancing the skills of expertise and farmer by providing different level of training as well as by providing different inputs on appropriate time

All warm blooded vertebrates are affected. In large populations Mosquitoes cause irritation and extensive blood loss to livestock resulting in anemia, reduced productivity of milk and sometimes even death. Mosquitoes are a great nuisance and their bites do cause painful reactions making cows panic. They also play an important role as intermediate hosts and as vectors in several important parasitic and viral diseases of domestic animals and man viz., filariosis, Canine heart worm disease, Malaria, dengue, chikungunya, equine viral encephalitis etc. The Author and the Managing Director of Leowin Solutions Pvt. Ltd. is the Innovator of MozziQuit mosquito trap device priced Rs. 1,800/- per unit inclusive of 18% GST which attracts, traps and kills female mosquitoes every day in large numbers at lowest operating cost of less than 10 paisa per day without use of any chemicals or consumables or emission of any UV Radiation very safe for use in cow sheds (www.mozziquit.com). MozziQuit device was evaluated to find the possibility of its use for providing relief to cows and animals in live farms. The study was carried out by Dr. Placid E. D’Souza, Professor & Head, Dept of Veterinary Parasitology as well as by Staff from constituent Veterinary Colleges of Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries Sciences University of Bidar Dr. H. Dhanalakshmi, Dr. B. S. Pradeep, Dr. G. S. Mamatha and Assistant Professors under instructions from Dr. H.R.V. Reddy, Director of Research of KVAFSU of Bidar. The study reveals relief to workers in cow shed from mosquito bites besides increase in Milk Yield as well as increase in Weight of Bovines after using MozziQuit in cow shed as the cows get maximum relief by trapping and killing of biting mosquitoes by MozziQuit device everyday.

Plasma biomarker assays have become a trend for risk evaluation in Alzheimer’s disease. Several studies have been performed to explore their preclinical performance. However, there are very few studies on the storage stability of the reagents used in these assays. The determination of the storage stability of reagents is important because reagents may be stored for a few months prior to end use. In this work, the stability of the reagents used for assaying plasma amyloid β 1-40 (Aβ1-40), Aβ1-42 and total tau protein (Tau) was assessed using immunomagnetic reduction. Reagents immediately after synthesis and reagents in opened vials were used to assay the concentrations of Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42 and Tau in human plasma samples. The recovery rates of the concentrations of biomarkers at different times after synthesis of open vial were calculated to determine the period of stability of reagents. The results showed that the reagents stored at 2°C-8°C were stable for at least 52 weeks. The reagents in open vials were stable for at least six weeks. These stabilities indicate that the reagents used to assay plasma Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42 and Tau levels are verifiably qualified for clinical use.

All warm blooded vertebrates are affected. In large populations Mosquitoes cause irritation and extensive blood loss to livestock resulting in anemia, reduced productivity of milk and sometimes even death. Mosquitoes are a great nuisance and their bites do cause painful reactions making cows panic. They also play an important role as intermediate hosts and as vectors in several important parasitic and viral diseases of domestic animals and man viz., filariosis, Canine heart worm disease, Malaria, dengue, chikungunya, equine viral encephalitis etc. The Author and the Managing Director of Leowin Solutions Pvt. Ltd. is the Innovator of “MozziQuit” mosquito trap device priced Rs. 1,800/- per unit inclusive of 18% GST which attracts, traps and kills female mosquitoes every day in large numbers at lowest operating cost of less than 10 paisa per day without use of any chemicals or consumables or emission of any UV Radiation very safe for use in cow sheds. “MozziQuit” device was evaluated to find the possibility of its use for providing relief to cows and animals in live farms. In this study reveals relief to workers in cow shed from mosquito bites besides increase in Milk Yield as well as increase in Weight of Bovines after using “MozziQuit” in cow shed as the cows get maximum relief by trapping and killing of biting mosquitoes by “MozziQuit” device every day.