Abnormal and Behavioural Psychology

UNICEF in 2016 reported that Sub-Saharan Africa adolescents aged 13-19 make up 23% of the region’s population and 260,000 new HIV infections. Youth sexual behaviours risk their health which is worsened by a lack of condoms, contraceptives, multiple partners, and some who are high-risk partners transient. Adolescents’ cognitions, physiological, emotional, and social states and inability to comprehend exposure to risks fully exacerbate their involvement in sexual behaviours. The International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) calls on governments to provide sexuality education and promote the wellbeing of adolescents. The Population Services International (PSI) in conjunction with the Ministry of Education campaign effort to mitigate sexuality risks among the youth were studies to investigate their influence on youths in school sexuality behaviours. The adverts studies were Hatua Yetu, the “Je Una Yako?” – ‘Do you have one, “Maisha ni sawa with trust”, Fungua Roho Yako”, “Nakufeel’ Campaign, ‘Nimechill’ campaign. The effort was to curb new HIV infections. Some television advertisements could have favoured experimentation with sexual behaviours and therefore there was need to test the effects of the advertisement. This paper seeks to determine adolescents’ awareness of adverts targeting their sexuality attitudes and behaviours, crate understanding on adolescents’ perspectives on adverts targeting sexuality, and also expose finding on whether the adverts on adolescents’ sexuality modify their attitudes and behaviours on the same. Findings on are expected to generalize to approaches of sexuality education among adolescents and the youth.

Strategies for Facing the Invisible Hand Culture of in the Mangaraja Purehet Traditional Territory “Sutan Humula Sontang Monument" to land and waters and their contents in the territory in the form of the authority to use and regulate everything related to land, forests, resources natural, waters and environmental, in Local Wisdom in the Mangaraja Purehet Traditional Territory “Sutan Humula Sontang Monument” under the leadership of the King. Business is a human activity to improve the standard of living in which there is a calculation of profit and loss, The invisible hand is an economic concept that describes the unintended greater social benefits and public good brought about by individuals acting in their own selfinterests Must with the King's permission because only the fellowship in the sense that all its citizens can reap the results of the land all plants and animals that live in the territory the distribution of the results that has been determined by the king is seventy-five percent for the king and his descendants and twenty-five percent for workers. SWOT analysis identifies internal and external factors that are prioritized by experts. In the domain UU no. 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Regulations (UUPA) through an Analytical hierarchy process. The prioritized SWOT factors are used in the formulation of strategies using the TOWS matrix. The results of the study indicate those who do not fulfill the obligation will receive the death penalty or leave the customary land sincerely all kinds of situations and circumstances without any an coercion that has been ordered by the King is the best strategy.

Mild cognitive impairment is a syndrome defined as a decline in cognitive performance that is greater than expected for an individual's age and education level, but does not significantly interfere with daily life activities. Many studies on MCI and more severe cases of dementia have focused on the memory domain. Autobiographical memory is one specific memory system that has been extensively studied in Alzheimer's disease and its effect on the impairment of AM in moderate forms of decline, such as MCI, is still debatable. The primary goal of this systematic review is to examine the functioning of autobiographical memory in patients with MCI, taking into account both the semantic and episodic components. The results of impaired episodic AM in MCI patients are more consistent than those of semantic AM. Based on the findings of this systematic review, additional research should be conducted to identify and investigate the cognitive and emotional mechanisms that undermine AM performance, allowing for the development of specific interventions that target these mechanisms.

Integrative community therapy is a public health methodology used to address community issues such as depression, substance abuse, and stress. This approach is distinctive in that it is founded on critical pedagogy, cultural anthropology, communication, resilience, and systems theory. Furthermore, creative arts therapies point to the therapeutic value of music. Through a pre-post comparison group design, this study used ICT and a music workshop with domestic violence survivors in Quito, Ecuador. The six-week study included 87 women, 49 in the intervention group and 38 in the comparison group. Self-esteem, general health, resilience, attitudes towards dating violence, and social support were all assessed. In addition, members of the intervention group were asked open-ended questions about their experiences, and some took part in a focus group.

Purpose: Choking phobia or phagophobia is a rare disorder and relevant literature is extremely limited. Specifically, it is said that phagophobia is a phobic disorder and it is a form of psychogenic dysphagia. People with phagophobia face no pathological physical examination findings, even though they fear and avoid swallowing food, fluids and/or pills. Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a developmental disability. ASD individuals face difficulties with communication, social interaction with restricted and/or repetitive patterns of behaviour. There is no relevant research – that has come to my attention- in accordance with phagophobia and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD).

Method: In this article, I present an autistic 32-year-old female who visited me on her own and was facing difficulty, fear and avoidance of swallowing and was treated with speech and language therapy. As soon as she realized that she had that difficulty, 1 and a half year ago, she visited two different otolaryngologists who were unable to diagnose her as her laboratory results were normal. Nonetheless, she had difficulty swallowing different foods and eating in front of a crowd. The management of the patient included both behaviour and speech and language therapy (dysphagia techniques program). There were a 1-month weekly sessions, then a 2-month consolidation period and a follow up session.

Results: The case showed significant improvement. A speech and language therapy program in the form of a dysphagia program can successfully be used in the treatment.

Conclusions: The said research tried to enlighten phagophobia in an ASD individual. Therapeutic strategies are stated from the scope of speech and language pathology. As a case study, generalizations cannot be made and further research is highly recommended.

Urticaria is a condition that causes itchy wheals, angioedema, or both. The pathophysiology of chronic spontaneous urticaria is still unknown. It is proposed that there is no dominant and independent mechanism of CSU; however, there are various immunological and non-immunological abnormalities that act concurrently or/and follow each other, resulting in clinical symptoms. According to the most recent hypothesis, mast cells (MCs) are activated via autoantibodies in an autoallergic or autoimmune mechanism, and mediators released from degranulated MCs are responsible for the vasoactive and neurospecific effect in CSU. Many clinical observations suggest that psychological stress can be both a triggering factor in the onset of CSU and a modulating factor in the course of the disease and therapy effectiveness.