Chemical Sciences Journal

LC-QTOF-MS–based Metabolite Profiling and Evaluation of Anti-diabetic Activity (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) of Traditional Kavuni Rice In vitro

Abstract

Mohitha Pushparaj, Kizhaeral S. Subramanyam* and Raveendran Muthurajan

Rice is a staple food for more than 50% of the global population and there is close relationship between rice eaters and the prevalence of diabetes. Among the landraces, ‘Kavuni’ is considered as a traditional brownish black variety which is extensively cultivated in the southern part of India, Tamil Nadu. The Tamil Nadu Agricultural University is among the first State Agricultural University to release therapeutic rice in 2023 as Co.57. This study aimed to identify and quantify the major anti-diabetic compounds present in Kavuni rice grain extracted using various solvents. Metabolite profiling using LC-QTOF-MS analysis has revealed that 31 phytochemicals detected among them anthocyanins and flavonoids are predominant. Ethanolic extract of Kavuni rice grain had the highest concentration of anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (61.31 ± 0.04 mg/g). The highest antioxidant activities in the ethanolic extract of Kavuni rice were detected as 89.51 ± 0.1% and 82.97 ± 0.09% measured using anti-oxidant assays. Further, Kavuni rice had the highest inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) 82.30% and 70.21%, respectively. The data clearly demonstrated that land race “Kavuni” carries phytochemicals that are known to regular postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting anti-diabetic enzyme could lower the risk of developing Type-2 diabetes.