Could we edit our next generations?

14^th World Conference on Human Genomics and Genomic Medicine

August 26, 2021 | Webinar

Alshymaa Y.Hassan

Teaching Assistant and researcher at St. John's University, Egypt

Scientific Tracks Abstracts: J Mol Genet Med

Abstract :

Lots of arguments about CRISPR/Cas9 were being set, especially relating to its usage in genome editing and its applications in human embryos and how to select the targeted embryos and discard the unfavorable ones. Especially after the usage of CRISP/Cas9 to engineer HIV-resistant babies by Jiankui that ended by being jailed for three years. CRISPR/Cas9 that was first announced in 1987, by Japanese scientists, Ishino, but not got widely used in clinical studies until 2016. Most of which are focusing on the ex vivo genome editing. In this review we would we would highlight the usage of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tool related to cancer, especially for Neuroblastoma Tumorigenicity. Previous descriptions of the history, functionality, and applications of CRISPR/Cas9 systems will be mentioned first, followed by the design strategies and most significant results. The last part of this review includes general comparison between CRISPR/Cas9 and other genome editing tools and its efficiency its therapeutics role in clinical trials. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat, CRISPR/ Cas 9, which is the natural immune system of Streptococcus bacteria against viral infection. CRISPR/Cas9 system got activated by sending viral DNA into their designated bacteria. Like any organism if the bacteria would survive the infection, the bacterium would allow the insertion of DNA into its genome. This would act like a memory to enhance the immune system to respond if further attack had occurred. CRISPRs have been first recognized in E. coli in 1987 with the aid of a Japanese scientist, Yoshizumi Ishino, and his team, who by chance cloned an uncommon collection of repeated sequences interspersed with spacer sequences. This was done for studying a gene liable for the conversion of alkaline phosphatase. The proof for the lifestyles of CRISPRs resulted from the fast accumulation of archaeal and bacterial genome sequences on the give up of the 1990s. Their better occurrence in archaea and their presence in thermophilic microorganism advised that they is probably related to specific conditions. However, because of the dearth of enough DNA collection data, the characteristic of those arrays remained a mystery. In 1993, researchers led with the aid of using J.D. van Embden within side the Netherlands found that extraordinary lines of Mycobacterium tuberculosis had extraordinary spacer sequences among the DNA repeats. They characterized M. tuberculosis lines primarily based totally on their spacer sequences, a method called spoligotyping.

Biography :

Alshymaa Y.Hassan completed her Master of biological science- Saint John’s University – US, Master of Biochemistry- Alexandria University, Egypt, and is graduated from Information technology Institute(ITI) intake 28, Software development track.