Marina Villarreal
Drug misuse in pregnancy is a complex and increasing public-health problem. Estimates of drug misuse in pregnant women vary across the world and the populations studied. In the USA, the 2004 Survey on Drug Use and Health showed that 5% of American women reported the use of an illicit drug during pregnancy. In the UK, national estimates for pregnant drug users are lacking, but studies report that approximately a third of drug users in treatment are female and over 90% of these women are of childbearing age (15–39 years of age). A study comparing the profiles of pregnant drug users presenting to a perinatal addictions service in London (UK) found illicit heroin use (38%), followed by cocaine use (24%) as primary drugs of abuse, with polysubstance use common .
Igor Sukhotnik
In recent years a substantial body of evidence has accumulated to support the notion that signaling pathways known to be important during embryonic development play important roles in regulating self?renewing tissues. Moreover, the same pathways are often deregulated during tumorigenesis due to mutations of key elements of these pathways. The Notch signaling cascade meets all of the above?mentioned criteria. We discuss here the pleiotropic roles of the Notch signaling pathway in three different self?renewing organs (intestine, hematopoietic system and skin) and how its deregulation is involved in tumorigenesis. The epithelium of the small intestine comprises post mitotic differentiated cells arrayed on villi and maintained by proliferative stem cells in the crypts
Sunil Kumar Yadav
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is an acute disease of preterm neonates and is caused by the deficiency of pulmonary surfactant. Surfactant deficiency can lead to alveolar collapse, atelectasis, impaired gas exchange, severe hypoxia and acidosis. Surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) is an integral part of management of preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. The objective of the study was to evaluate the safety of early rescue surfactant replacement therapy in RDS. This was a prospective observational study conducted in a 17- bedded teaching and referral NICU of NMCTH over a period of 7 months
Patrick Donnelly
Endovascular procedures have become increasingly popular in many specialties, including neurosurgery. In this paper we aim to identify if the proportion of intracranial aneurysms (IA) treated with endovascular coiling has increased and if that correlates with a decrease in surgical clipping of aneurysms. The comparison between the role of Interventional Radiology and Neurosurgery in the management of intracranial aneurysms has revealed that endovascular coiling is rapidly becoming a more common procedure, and has become first-line treatment for unruptured IAs.
Elang Jordan Ibrahim
Stress is an inability of the body to balance between physical and psychological demands and the capability to fulfill them. Attention is a way for individual to process some information in limited number that is obtained through cognitive process. Tahajud as one of Islamic prayer can grow positive perception and motivation that can avoid stress reaction and increase attention. This study aims to determine the effect of Tahajud on attention postacute stress exposure. The retrospective study was conducted with pre – post-test control group design. The subjects were 38 students, divided into 2 groups (19 students per group), such as the control group that did not pray Tahajud routinely (KK) and the treatment group that prayed Tahajud routinely (KP).
Leigha Inman
It is widely understood that one of the challenges of pediatric medicine is seeing to the development of patients who, by reason of long-term hospitalisation, may miss out on educational experiences. This requires the profession to collaborate across disciplines. One of the most cutting-edge interdisciplinary topics in the social sciences is the application of understandings from the humanities to traditionally social scientific disciplines such as education studies. This paper proposes such a topic. It has often been observed that children enjoy literature. The role of reading in the development of reading ability is an important area of research.
DOI: 10.35248/2472-100X.20.5.146
An expanded commonness of psychological disability and less fortunate instructive accomplishment has been consistently seen among young offspring of amazingly low birth weight, as contrasted and those conceived at full term. Such kids were conceived before the wide presentation of antenatal treatment with corticosteroids and surfactants.
DOI: 10.35248/2472-100X.20.5.147
The capacity to recognize babies with sickle cell weakness who are probably going to have extreme entanglements further down the road would allow precise visualization and fitting of treatment to coordinate illness related dangers and encourage arranging of clinical preliminaries sickle cell anaemia (SCA; homozygous sickle haemoglobin [HbS], i.e. HbSS) occurs when thymine is substituted for adenine in the 6th codon of the beta globin gene, resulting in the production of valine (a hydrophobic amino acid) instead of glutamic acid, which is hydrophilic. Although all SCA patients share the same genetic mutation, the clinicalcourse is highly variable between patients. The highest sickle cell trait (HbAS) carrier rate is present in families who trace their ancestry to malaria endemic regions. In addition to homozygous SCA, other sickle-related haemoglobinopathies occur when HbS is inherited in the heterozygous state with another beta globin chain mutation (most commonly HbC, i.e. HbSC) or quantitative defects in beta globin production (HbSβ0thalassaemia and HbSβ+thalassaemia). Both HbSβ0thalassaemia and HbSS are clinically severe, while patients with HbSC and HbSβ+thalassaemia generally have milder phenotypes. These advances have been joined by upgrades in endurance and the personal satisfaction. Hydroxyurea treatment can significantly lessen the manifestations, and hematopoietic foundational microorganism transplantation can be curative. Ideally, the dangers of these therapies ought to be equivalent with the dangers of untreated sickle cell sickness, and conceivably therapeudic therapies should start before organ harm happens. In spite of the fact that indicators of specific confusions of sickle cell sickness have been distinguished, there have been not many endeavors to recognize patients at high danger for such difficulties during the initial not many long stretches of life. Recognizing such patients could help in guess and the determination of patients for high-hazard treatments.
DOI: 10.35248/2472-100X.20.5.148
For those thinking about the patient with inherent coronary illness, the most recent 50 years of the twentieth century was observer to stunning advances in for all intents and purposes all parts of pediatric cardiovascular medication and medical procedure. The principal half of the twentieth century was not torpid in such manner.
DOI: 10.35248/2472-100X.20.5.149
Zika infection is essentially communicated by the chomp of a contaminated mosquito from the Aedes class, for the most part Aedes aegypti, in tropical and subtropical districts. Aedes mosquitoes normally nibble during the day, topping during early morning and late evening/evening. This is the very mosquito that sends dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever. Zika infection is additionally sent from mother to hatchling during pregnancy, through sexual contact, bonding of blood a lot items, and organ transplantation.
Mehmet Çeleğen*, Selman Kesici and Benan Bayrakci
DOI: 10.35248/2472-100X.20.5.150
Nusinersen and risdiplam are emerging molecules started to be used in Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) treatment. In this observational study, we aimed to compare the effects of these two molecules on SMA type 1 patients. In the two patients we presented in this report, both were diagnosed as SMA type 1 in the neonatal period, and their genetic defects were similar and their treatments were initiated at the same age and this exceptional similarity served us the opportunity for comparison. Two patients were intubated because of respiratory failure secondary to pneumonia. Case 2 receiving risdiplam was successfully extubated after pneumonia treatment but Case 1 receiving nusinersen could not be extubated and needed permanent assisted ventilation. Case 2 received a drug with an ease of use, showed better muscle strength, preserved native swallowing capability, revealed normal growth pattern, did not need further respiratory support as a result of better respiratory status.
