An idea of Neurological Disorders

Himabindhu Gude^*
*Correspondence: Himabindhu Gude, Department of Psychology, Child Psychology Unit, KotiWomen’s College, India, Tel: +918143389651, Email:

Neurological Disorders

A neurological disorder is any disorder of the nervous system. Definition of a disorder in psychology or medicine sometimes contested in the terms of what is considered dysfunctional, abnormal, unnatural, and harmful or in neurological, social terms, evolutionary, or psychometric. Neurological disorders are diseases of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. In the other words, brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscles. Neurological disorders include epilepsy, Alzheimer’s, Dementias and other; cerebrovascular diseases includes headache, migraine, stroke, multiple sclerosis and other disorders; parkinson's disease, neuroinfections, brain tumours, traumatic disorders of the nervous system due to head trauma, and neurological disorders as a result of malnutrition.

The specific causes of neurological problems may vary with every individual , it includes infections, genetic disorders, congenital abnormalities or disorders, environmental health problems (including malnutrition), lifestyle, nerve injury, brain injury, spinal cord injury, and gluten sensitivity (with or without intestinal damage or digestive symptoms). Metal poisoning (metals accumulate in the human body and disrupt biological processes) has been reported to induce neurological problems, at least in the case of lead. The neurological problem may start in another body system that interacts with the nervous system. For example, cerebrovascular disorders involve brain injury due to problems with the blood vessels (cardiovascular system) supplying the brain; autoimmune disorders involve damage caused by the body's own immune system; lysosomal storage diseases such as Niemann-Pick disease may lead to neurological disorders. The National Institutes of Health recommend considering the evaluation of an underlying celiac disease in people with unexplained neurological symptoms, particularly peripheral neuropathy or ataxia.

Neurological disorders are categorized depending on the primary location affected, and the division is between CNS (central nervous system disorders) and PNS (peripheral nervous system disorders).

Many bacterial infections like Mycobacterial tuberculosis, Neisseria meningitides; viral infections like Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Enteroviruses, West Nile Virus, Zika Virus; fungal like Cryptococcus, Aspergillus; Pprasitic infections like malaria, Chagas affect the nervous system mostly. Neurological symptoms may occur due to an immune response or due to the infection itself.

Condition of the disorder might be detected first through the presence of abnormalities in mental functioning, and further assessment indicates the underlying neurological disorder. Conditions that are classifies as learning disabilities or mental disorders, and intellectual disabilities, are not themselves usually dealt with as neurological disorders.

People around the world are affected by neurological disorders. More than 6 million people are dying each year because of stroke; more than 80% of deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries. More than 50 million people in the world are suffering with epilepsy. The estimation around worldwide 47.5 million people with dementia with 7.7 million new cases registered every year. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia and may contribute to 60–70% of cases. The prevalence of migraine is more than 10% globally.