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Journal of Genetics and Genomes

Journal of Genetics and Genomes

ISSN: 2684-4567

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Tumor Necrosis Open Access Articles

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, also known as TNFα) was identified in the late 1970s as a cytokine produced by immune cells with the ability to suppress proliferation of tumor cells and induce tumor regression [1, 2] . TNF is a protein composed of 157 amino acids and is synthesized as a membrane-bound protein (pro-TNF) which is released by cleavage mediated by the TNF converting enzyme (TACE). Since the TNF gene was cloned in 1984, extensive research has revealed a variety of roles for TNF under physiological conditions such as body development and immunity, and in pathological responses such as inflammation, growth tumor, transplant rejection, rheumatoid arthritis and septic shock . At the cellular level, TNF exerts its effects via its receptors to activate distinct signaling pathways which regulate the survival, proliferation or death of cells. As a result, complicated roles for TNF in cancer have emerged. On the one hand, its anticancer property is mainly induced by the death of cancer cells, a process that could be used for the treatment of cancer. On the other hand, TNF stimulates proliferation, survival, migration and angiogenesis in most cancer cells which are resistant to TNF-induced cytotoxicity, leading to tumor promotion. Thus, TNF is a double-edged sword which could be pro- or anti-tumorigenic. In this review, we focus on the roles and mechanisms of TNF in cancer biology with a particular focus on carcinogenesis and cancer treatment.

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Citations: 65

Journal of Genetics and Genomes received 65 citations as per Google Scholar report

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