Pathophysiology is a combination of pathology with physiology-is the study of disordered physiological processes that cause, trigger, or are otherwise associated with a disease or injury. Pathology is the medical discipline that describes symptoms usually found during a disease, while physiology is the biological discipline that describes processes or mechanisms that function. Pathology explains the abnormal or unexpected illness, while pathophysiology seeks to explain the physiological changes occurring within an organism as a result of a disease or pathological disorder. In the 1950s, work on rheumatic fever, a complication of streptococcal infections, revealed that it was caused by the host's own immune response, stirring pathologist Lewis Thomas' investigation that led to the discovery of enzymes released by the macrophages of innate immune cells and that damaged host tissues. In the late 1970s, as president of the Memorial Sloan – Kettering Cancer Center, Thomas worked with Lederberg, who soon became president of Rockefeller University, to turn the funding priority of the US National Institutes of Health towards basic research into the mechanisms that work during disease processes.
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