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Pharmacogenetics Future | Open Access Journals
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Pharmacoeconomics: Open Access

ISSN: 2472-1042

Open Access

Pharmacogenetics Future

Pharmacogenomics is that the study of how genes affect a person’s response to drugs.

Many drugs that are currently available are “one size fits all,” but they do not work an equivalent way for everybody. It is often difficult to predict who will enjoy a medicine, who won't respond in the least, and who will experience negative side effects (called adverse drug reactions). Adverse drug reactions are a significant cause of hospitalizations and deaths in the United States. These genetic differences are going to be wont to predict whether a medicine is going to be effective for a specific person and to assist prevent adverse drug reactions. Autosomal dominant disease, Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, and thiopurine S-methyltransferase deficiency. Pharmacogenomics is that the study of how genomic variation affects a patient’s response to a specific medication. For years, researchers have mapped drug response phenotypes to individual genotypes. Pharmacogenomic associations are so strong, that they alone affect the utilization of a specific medication are rare. However, the amount of pharmacogenomic associations which will be factored into the prescribing process alongside a mess of clinical variables is growing. Pharmacogenomics focuses on the identification of genome variants that influence drug effects, typically via alterations in a drug’s pharmacokinetics (i.e., absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination) or via modulation of a drug’s pharmacodynamics (e.g., modifying a drug’s target or perturbing biological pathways that alter sensitivity to the drug’s pharmacological effects). For infectious diseases, genomic variation in the infectious agents themselves may alter their sensitivity to antimicrobials. Advances in genome interrogation technology and in analytical approaches have facilitated evolution of the discovery paradigm from candidate gene studies to more agnostic genome wide analyses of populations of patients who have been characterized for specific drug response phenotypes (e.g., toxicity or desired pharmacologic effects)

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