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Oryza Glaberrima | Open Access Journals
Journal of Surgical Pathology and Diagnosis

Journal of Surgical Pathology and Diagnosis

ISSN: 2684-4575

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Oryza Glaberrima

Humans have independently domesticated two different rice species. African rice has been domesticated from wild African rice, Oryza barthii, while Asian rice (Oryza sativa), has been domesticated from wild Asian rice, Oryza rufipogon.

Oryza barthii still grows wild in Africa, in a wide variety of open habitats. The Sahara was once wetter, with massive paleolakes in what is now Western Sahara. As the climate dries up, wild rice retreated and probably became more and more domesticated because it depended on humans for irrigation. Rice growing in deeper, more permanent water has become floating rice.

Named areas in the text; rivers and lakes are unfortunately not represented

It would have been domesticated 2000 to 3000 years ago in the interior delta of upper Niger, in present-day Mali. It then spread across West Africa. It has also been recorded off the east coast of Africa in the Zanzibar archipelago.

Wild rice seed heads break, dispersing the rice grains to seed the next generation. Domestic rice does not break, which makes the grain easy to pick for humans. A mutation that would have prevented rice from breaking would probably have been the start of domestication.

Ibn Baá¹­á¹­Å«á¹­a recorded rice couscous in the region of present-day Mali in 1350. [citation needed]

The dykes protect the rice fields from salt water; irrigation skims the layer of fresh water at high tide. Similar delta cultivation techniques have been used since at least the 15th century in Karabane, Senegal, 2008.

At the end of the 15th and 16th centuries, the Portuguese sailed to the South River region of West Africa and wrote that the land was rich in rice. "declared to have found the country covered with vast cultures, with many cotton plants and large fields planted with rice ... the country appeared to them to have the appearance of a pond (that is to say a marsh)" . Portuguese accounts speak of Falupo Jola, Landuma, Biafada  and Bainik growing rice André Álvares de Almada has written on the dike systems used to grow rice, from which modern West African rice dike systems originate.

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Journal of Surgical Pathology and Diagnosis received 15 citations as per Google Scholar report

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