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Myocardial Ischemia Scientific Journals | Open Access Journals
Journal of Morphology and Anatomy

Journal of Morphology and Anatomy

ISSN: 2684-4265

Open Access

Myocardial Ischemia Scientific Journals

Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in a worldwide epidemic. Myocardial ischemia is characterized by an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, causing cardiac dysfunction, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and sudden death. Various clinical ischemic manifestations are caused by obstruction of coronary blood flow by coronary stenosis, thrombosis, and/or hyperconstriction (vasospasm) of epicardial and microvascular coronary arteries.

The coronary circulation matches blood flow with myocardial oxygen demand by coordinating the vascular resistances within microvasculature, where the endothelium plays an important role. The endothelium also regulates the tone of the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) by releasing several endothelium-derived relaxing factors, such as nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). The cells also release several vasoconstricting factors, such as endothelin, superoxide anions (O2−), and thromboxane, under certain pathological conditions. Endothelial dysfunction is regarded as a clinical syndrome that exhibits systemic manifestation of atherosclerosis and resultant myocardial ischemia, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality

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