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Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis | Open Access Journals
Journal of Microbial Pathogenesis

Journal of Microbial Pathogenesis

ISSN: 2684-4931

Open Access

Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Multiple sclerosis affects approximately 400,000 people in the United States alone, most of them young adults [1]. It is expressed in four clinical forms: relapsing remitting MS (RRMS), secondary progressive MS (PMPM), primary progressive MS (PMPP) and recurrent progressive DM (EMPR) (see Table 11). Approximately 87% of patients have RRMS, characterized by acute attacks (relapses) followed by partial or total recovery (remission) [2]. Patients may manifest with a heterogeneous group of symptoms including changes in vision (unilateral vision loss, diplopia), weakness, lack of coordination, sensory loss or distortions, or changes in bowel and bladder function. Less diagnostic but also disabling symptoms include cognitive changes, fatigue and mood disturbances. The progression of the disease can lead to severe disability. Many medications and other measures can be used to improve MS symptoms. The availability of disease-modifying therapies has revolutionized patient care with recurring forms of this disease. These medications help control the underlying disease process, likely by decreasing inflammation mediated by the immune system. They do not cure the disease or reverse the damage that has occurred with previous events. In general, the effects of these agents appear to be more potent when administered to patients before more severe generalized harm and disability occurs. As the number of FDA-approved therapies continues to increase and other research and off-label uses expand, it is helpful to review both the pathogenesis of MS and the effects of pharmacological agents.

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Relevant Topics in Immunology & Microbiology

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