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Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis | Open Access Journals
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Molecular Biomarkers & Diagnosis

ISSN: 2155-9929

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Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a form of tuberculosis infection (TB) caused by bacteria resistant to treatment with at least two of the most potent first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (drugs), isoniazid and rifampicin. Some forms of tuberculosis are also resistant to second-line drugs and are called extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB-XDR). Tuberculosis is caused by infection with the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Almost one in four people worldwide is infected with the TB bacteria. [1] It is only when the bacteria become active that people get sick with TB. Bacteria become active as a result of anything that can reduce a person's immunity, such as HIV, old age, diabetes, or other immunosuppressive illnesses. Tuberculosis can usually be treated with four standard or first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (ie isoniazid, rifampicin and any fluoroquinolone). However, from the first antibiotic treatment for tuberculosis in 1943, certain strains of the TB bacteria have developed resistance to standard drugs through genetic changes (see mechanisms. Currently, the majority of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases are due to a strain of TB bacteria called the Beijing lineage. This process accelerates if incorrect or inadequate treatments are used, leading to the development and spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Incorrect or inadequate treatment may be due to use bad medication, one medication (standard treatment is at least two medications), not taking medication consistently or throughout the treatment period (treatment is required for several month.

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