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Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research

Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research

ISSN: 2155-6113

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Immunodeficiency Review Articles

Cavitary pneumonia is a disease that a normal pulmonary architecture is replaced by a cavity. In a healthy lung, oxygen transport takes place in the alveoli (air spaces), each of which has an average size of 0.1 mm. Several groups of microorganisms can cause cavitary lesions: common bacteria (for example, Streptococcus p., Staph aureus, Klebsiella p., H. influenzae); typical and atypical mycobacterium; fungi (for example, aspergillosis, pneumocystis); and parasites
The differential diagnosis of cavitary lung damage in people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is wide, especially in patients with advanced disease. In patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cavitation is a rare manifestation of a common disease. It is unusual in patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis, coccidioidomycosis, and histoplasmosis, but occurs often in patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. The patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, cavities are more common in the early stages of HIV disease, when cellular immunity is relatively preserved. The Mycobacterium avium complex is a rare cause of lung disease and rarely causes cavities. However, Mycobacterium kansasii is often associated with cavitation. Cavities can complicate any bacterial pneumonia and are particularly common with pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Nocardia asteroides and Rhodococcus equi. Non-infectious causes of cavity lesions are rare, but cavity lesions caused by pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have been reported. Because of the wide differential diagnosis and because most cavities are caused by treatable opportunistic infections, a definitive diagnosis is essential.

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Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research received 5264 citations as per Google Scholar report

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