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Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research

Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research

ISSN: 2155-6113

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Immunodeficiency Innovations

Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) associated with infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) are due to genetic defects that compromise innate and / or adaptive leukocytes or the complement system, while secondary immunodeficiencies have an external cause, such as malnutrition or HIV infection. Somatic gene therapy is another therapeutic possibility but remains experimental. The HIV retrovirus causes AIDS in humans, and although treatment has improved considerably, the development of an effective vaccine remains difficult to achieve. The interaction of HIV gp120 with CD4 and CCR5 or CXCR4 allows viral entry into macrophages, CD and CD4 + T cells, followed by integration of the provirus into the genome. When the infected host cell is stimulated, viral transcription and translation produce virions that bud from the cell before it dies. HIV specific antibodies and CTLs are insufficient to contain the virus.

Primary immunodeficiencies are the result of biological defects associated with functional immune abnormalities. It consists of a group of disorders showing a higher incidence and severity of infections, the expression of immunological disturbances such as inflammation and lymphoproliferation. The immunophenotyping and the in vitro functional characterization of immunodeficient patients contribute, with the clinical aspects, to define the underlying characteristics of immune defects. The applications of flow cytometry in the assessment of primary immunodeficiency are manifold and include the study of a wide range of specific subpopulations of cellular lymphocytes. There is a diagnosis of a wide variety of primary immunodeficiencies, in which the intracellular proteins or activation markers involved in immunity are assessed, as well as functional proliferation, production of cytokines, phosphorylation of transcription factors , cytotoxic capacity and degranulation. Flow cytometry is a tool for rapid and accurate assessment of multiple lymphocyte populations and immunological function, and this information is essential for the diagnosis and evaluation of patients with primary immunodeficiencies.

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Citations: 5264

Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research received 5264 citations as per Google Scholar report

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