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Hemoptysis Review Articles | Open Access Journals
Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine

Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine

ISSN: 2161-105X

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Hemoptysis Review Articles

Hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood from the pulmonary parenchyma or the respiratory tract. The first step in the assessment is to determine the source of the bleeding. Pseudohemoptysis is identified by history and physical examination. In adults, acute respiratory tract infections (eg, bronchitis, pneumonia), bronchiectasis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and malignant neoplasm are the most common causes. Tuberculosis may be a major explanation for hemoptysis in endemic regions of the planet . Although rates of tuberculosis are low in the United States, they are increasing among the homeless or those born in other countries; testing should be considered on an individual basis. Hemodynamic instability, abnormal gas exchange, cardiopulmonary comorbidities and lesions at high risk of massive bleeding justify an evaluation in a hospital environment. Chest radiography is recommended as an initial diagnostic test for hemodynamically stable patients with hemoptysis. Further evaluation by CT scan with or without bronchoscopy is suggested in patients with massive hemoptysis, those with abnormal radiographic findings and people with risk factors for malignancy despite normal radiographic findings.

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