forest is a large area of land dominated by trees. Hundreds of more precise definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing and ecological function. Forests account for 75% of the gross primary productivity of the Earth's biosphere, and contain 80% of the Earth's plant biomass. Forest ecosystems can be found in all regions capable of sustaining tree growth, at altitudes up to the tree line, except where natural fire frequency or other disturbance is too high, or where the environment has been altered by human activity. A forest consists of many components that can be broadly divided into two categories that are biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components. The living parts include trees, shrubs, vines, grasses and other herbaceous (non-woody) plants, mosses, algae, fungi, insects, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and microorganisms living on the plants and animals and in the soil. A forest is made up of many layers. The main layers of all forest types are the forest floor, the understory and the canopy. The emergent layer exists in tropical rainforests. Each layer has a different set of plants and animals depending upon the availability of sunlight, moisture and food.
Research Article: Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Research Article: Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Research Article: Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Research Article: Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Research Article: Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Research Article: Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Research Article: Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Research Article: Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Scientific Tracks Abstracts: Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering
Scientific Tracks Abstracts: Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering
Scientific Tracks Abstracts: Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering
Scientific Tracks Abstracts: Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering
Posters & Accepted Abstracts: Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering
Posters & Accepted Abstracts: Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering
Scientific Tracks Abstracts: Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering
Scientific Tracks Abstracts: Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering
Scientific Tracks Abstracts: Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering
Scientific Tracks Abstracts: Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering
Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering received 1798 citations as per Google Scholar report
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