Abebe D Abitew* and Biruk B Yimam
DOI: 10.37421/2380-2391.2023.10.430
The concentrations of essential metals (Ca, Mg, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn) and non-essential metals (Cd and Pb) were determined in Ethiopian white rice cultivated in Fogera, Metema, and Pawe areas with their corresponding growing soils. The amounts of metals in rice and soil were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, after digesting the powdered rice and soil samples with a mixture of HNO3, HClO4, and H2O2. The accuracy of the digestion procedure was assessed using the spiking method, where an acceptable percentage metal recovery was obtained in the range of 86.6%-106.7% and 87.15%-112.8% for rice and soil, respectively. The concentrations (mg/kg) of metals found in rice and soil, respectively, were in the ranges of Mg 414.28-560.89, 618.70-709.43; Fe 49.36-167.95, 11673.60-12916.67; Ca 45.21-57.71, 281.60-655.20; Mn 27.40-57.71, 168.60-416.60; Cu 12.01-61.19, 59.98-139.66; Zn 24.19-28.07, 26.59-55.85; Cr 17.65-27.45, 12.75-12.76; Ni 3.16-8.61, 2.07-11.87; Cd 1.08-1.55, 1.08-3.43 and Pb 1.08-1.55, 4.17-9.38. The pH of the studied soil farms was in the range of 5.30-5.95. Among the analyzed metals Cr showed the maximum transfer factor from soil to rice grain. Pearson correlation indicated a strong correlation for some elements between or within rice and soil samples. One way analysis of variance results indicated that for all metals in rice, the difference between means in the three sampling sites was insignificant (p>0.05), while the significant difference among soil samples was observed only for Mg, Zn, Mn, and Cd. Except for Cr, Cd, and Pb in rice and Cu and Cd in metema soil, the determined concentrations of metals were below the world health organization allowed limit.
Padam Joshi*, Priyanka Chand and Dinesh Bista
DOI: 10.37421/2380-2391.2023.10.430
Heavy metal removal is critically necessary to prevent water pollution. At various initial hexavalent chromium concentrations, adsorbent dosages, pHs, and contact periods, the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions onto xanthated tea waste was investigated. FTIR and XRD techniques were used to characterize the adsorbent. Hexavalent chromium was initially removed from aqueous solutions with an increase in adsorbent dosage and contact time, but it was shown that the adsorption of Cr (VI) was best at a contact period of 120 min and an adsorbent dose of 100 mg/L. In a similar manner, the amount of hexavalent chromium eliminated from the aqueous solutions increased as the hexavalent chromium concentration grew and decreased as the solution's pH increased, with pH 2.0 being the ideal. Using a pseudo second-order model, the kinetics of hexavalent chromium adsorption onto modified tea trash was studied. The adsorption equilibrium data were modeled using Langmuir isotherm models. The equilibrium results for the elimination of hexavalent chromium by modified tea trash were well represented by the Langmuir isotherm model. According to the isotherm analysis, the adsorption equilibrium fit the Langmuir isotherm well. At pH 2.0, the obtained maximum adsorption capacity was around 82%. According to the findings, chromium-containing aqueous solutions can be treated using Xanthated Tea Waste as a low-cost adsorbent.
Fyneface Chuku* and Maduelosi NJ
DOI: 10.37421/2380-2391.2023.10.439
The effects of varying concentration of acrylamide copolymer (an effective fluid loss control additive) and temperature on fluid loss in oil well cementing was studied. The fluid loss of neat cement, fluid loss property of cement slurry with varying concentration of acrylamide copolymer, and effects of temperature in cement slurry with acrylamide copolymer were investigated at temperature range of 120°F -180°F BHCT and pressure of 3500 psi. The concentrations of the copolymer studied were 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75% BWOC. Thickening time tests were also carried out. The fluid loss value decreased with increase in concentration of acrylamide irrespective of the temperature. At low concentration of the additive, the activity of the copolymer as a fluid loss additive was influenced by temperature. The findings from the research show that fluid loss of cement with the copolymer is a function of temperature and concentration of the copolymer.
Christopher Unyime Ebong*
Vegetable oils are triglycerides extract from plants and made of up of fatty acid chains. The fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated depending on the number of carbon-carbon double bonds. The degree of saturation/unsaturation is indicated by the iodine value of the oil. Hence this research work was aimed at comparing the iodine values of five different vegetable oil (groundnut oil, palm oil, olive oil, palm kernel oil and coconut oil) samples bought from Swali market, Yenagoa, Bayelsa state in Nigeria. The vegetable oils were analyzed for their iodine values and the following results were obtained: For groundnut oil, the iodine values were found to be 86.00 g I2/100 g, olive oil 81.01 g I2/100 g, palm oil 53.91 g I2/100 g, palm kernel oil 36.74 g I2/100 g and coconut oil 10 g I2/100 g. The iodine values of the five vegetable oil samples analyzed follows the order: Groundnut oil > Olive oil > Palm oil > Palm kernel oil > Coconut oil. Since their iodine values are lower than 100, these oils are considered to be a non-drying oil which does not harden when it is exposed to air and therefore can be used industrially for the production of hard soaps and are of good nutritional value, hence the oils pose no significant health risks to consumers. Thus, the result of these findings shows that the iodine values obtained were within the regulatory standard and did not exceed the permissible level.
Nworu Jerome Sunday*, Ikelle Issie Ikelle, Okpoebi Kenneth Berezi, Peter CC Wang, Arisabor Lucky and Odiyirin Paul Boyitie
In this study, the total concentration of n-alkanes is reported as Æ©Aliphatics, total concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon as Æ©PAH and Æ©TPH for the total petroleum hydrocarbon. The values reported followed different trends. For the Æ©Aliphatics, the gills had the highest average concentration while the kidney had the lowest average concentration. For Æ©PAH, the muscle had the highest average concentration while the gills had the lowest average concentration. In summation Æ©TPH, the gill had the highest average concentration while the kidney had the lowest average concentration. The results showed that the organs studied are good bio-accumulators. This study therefore revealed that, there are substantial exposure and bioaccumulation in the commonly consumed tilapia fish species in Kurutie/Okerenkoko from Escravos River and there could be possible human risk to cancer and other related health challenges.
Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry received 1781 citations as per Google Scholar report
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