Farkhanda Haroon, Ayesha Maqbool, Rabia Rafiq, Fatima Azhar and Muhammad Nazer Ul Islam Haroon
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is multi-symptomatic gynecological disorder with high prevalence (5-10%) among human females. Primarily it affects female reproductive system resulting in infrequent menstrual cycles. Visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, hirsutism and infertility are other consequences of PCOS. Genetic as well as environmental factors contribute for the progression of PCOS. Multiple studies revealed association of PCOS with mutations in different genes specifically expressing androgens and androgen receptors. PCOS is an autosomal and X-linked disease. Inhibin A downregulates the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to promote ovulation and normal menstrual cycle. Inhibin A is a hetero dimer of INHA and inhibin INHB subunits. INHA along with Anti-mullerian hormone can be used as a diagnostic marker for PCOS. This study has been conducted using data of fifty participants. They were classified into two groups, control and experimental group. Out of total 50 participants, 30 were PCOS patients and 20 were healthy control subjects. Blood samples of PCOS patients were collected from Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences. Extracted DNA from blood was used for amplification of exon 2 of INHA subunit of Inhibin A and B gene. Restriction digestion of Amplified gene segment was carried out with restriction endonuclease. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) results showed 30% (p 0.0178) of PCOS patients having heterozygous mutation (G769A/ rs12720062). Results revealed positive risk of developing PCOS when having A allele at position 769bp in heterozygous state. So, we concluded that there is an association between heterozygosity at rs12720062 and risk of development of PCOS.
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Apoptosis is commonly referred to as programmed cell death that does not cause inflammation. Numerous studies have focused on the intricate nature of apoptosis, accumulating a wealth of information that has led to effective disease treatments as well as a deeper comprehension of the fundamental process. The traditional apoptosis regulatory factors and intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways have been clearly defined. Since ancient times, apoptosis-based drugs and treatments have been used to treat disease. In clinical settings, small-molecule apoptosis inducers have been used to treat diseases like cancer by killing off abnormal cells. Recombinant proteins and antibodies, which have improved apoptotic efficacy and selectivity, are the subject of extensive research and the FDA has granted approval to some of them. Apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs) are membrane-bound vesicles that are derived from the disassembly of apoptotic cells. Prior to being discovered to be capable of delivering useful materials to healthy recipient cells (such as autoantigens), these tiny sealed sacs containing information and substances from dying cells were regarded as garbage bags. With a focus on apoptosis-related therapeutic applications and ApoBDs, this review summarizes and discusses current knowledge of apoptosis.
DOI: 10. 37421/2155-9538.2022.12.312
It is essential for patients to bring their medication and other healthcare items with them when they leave their homes during an evacuation because medication loss is a major issue in disaster settings. This article is based on a systematic review of the literature on medication loss. The goal of this review was to find out how much medication is lost, what it means, how much work it takes to get prescriptions filled and how to be better prepared. The review revealed that the medical relief teams are significantly burdened by the loss of medications, prescriptions and medical aids. Drugs are not the only medical aids; routine medications, medical and allergy records, devices for specific care and daily life and emergency medications are also included. A personal emergency pack that people can carry with them at all times is one possible solution. Stakeholders, particularly health professionals, need to be actively involved in the preparation plans in order to guarantee that patients are adequately prepared. We are now taking actions to spread our findings, such as presenting at conferences and through posters, in order to raise awareness among patients and healthcare professionals because our findings have little impact on disaster risk reduction unless shared widely. Our findings were presented at the Evidence Aid Symposium on September 20, 2014, in Hyderabad, India, as part of these activities.
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Chemotherapy, uterine injuries, fallopian tube occlusion, massive intrauterine adhesions, congenital uterine malformations and hysterectomy have all been shown to have a significant impact on female infertility and bioengineering techniques have shown great promise in this regard. The following are two broad categories that apply to these strategies: I) Transplantation of new or cryopreserved organs into the host and (ii) tissue designing methodologies that use a mix of cells, development factors and biomaterials that use the body's inborn capacity to recover/fix conceptive organs. The source of the organ and the immunogenic effects of allografts remain challenging despite whole organ transplant's success. Tissue engineering techniques can avoid these problems, but they haven't been shown to be effective at creating whole organ structures. We present a synopsis of the most recent developments in the treatment of female infertility using bioengineering.
DOI: 10.37421/2155-9538.2022.12.319
Due to issues with oral drug delivery methods, transdermal drug delivery with microneedles is gaining popularity. Gastrointestinal course opens the medication to corrosive and catalysts present in the stomach, prompting denaturation of the compound and bringing about unfortunate bioavailability. In order to increase patient compliance, microneedle transdermal drug delivery addresses the issues associated with oral administration and alleviates patients' injection-related discomfort. Microneedles can be comprehensively characterized into five sorts: coated microneedles, dissolving microneedles, hollow microneedles and hydrogel-forming microneedles are all types of microneedles. The various applications and characteristics of a microneedle are determined by the materials used to prepare it. Due to their minimal invasiveness and ability to penetrate the stratum corneum barrier of the skin, polymeric microneedle arrays offer an improved method for the transdermal administration of drugs. The review provides a synopsis of the significance of the polymeric microneedle as well as a discussion of some of the most significant therapeutic drugs in research, particularly protein drugs, vaccines and small molecule drugs in regenerative medicine.
Journal of Bioengineering & Biomedical Science received 307 citations as per Google Scholar report
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