Journal of Textile Science & Engineering

An iterative process is used to solve engineering problems in order to find optimal design solutions that can satisfy a product or service's functional performance and financial requirements. Engineering design is a core engineering task. One of the oldest industries in the world, the traditional textile industry has relied on qualitative approaches and individual creativity in product design over time. Top specialists in the field have attributed this strategy to the conservatism of the industry and the lack of absolute necessity for quantitative textile design due to the moderate expectations of consumers regarding safety and functional performance. In light of the evolutionary shifts in fashion and textile technology as well as the shifts in potential markets, additional reasons are discussed in this chapter. There are two eras to these changes: both before and during the poweredmachine era. The industry's reliance on massive production in the powered-machine era at the expense of novel product designs is one important aspect discussed here.

The textile industry is one of the oldest and most important manufacturing sectors in the world. It employs approximately 35 million people worldwide and has contributed significantly to the expansion of numerous economies. Despite its obvious significance, the material industry is tragically one of the most deeply polluting businesses. The wet processing sector of the textile industry is responsible for desizing, scouring, bleaching, dyeing, and finishing of textiles. Surfactants, dyes, pigments, alkalis, salts, and water all play important roles in these processes. One third of the world's population does not have access to clean water, and industrial pollution is one of the main causes of this problem. Water is a necessity for human survival, but it is a scarce resource. A typical material plant consumes approximately 1.6 million liters of water per day, with the printing and coloring industries using 24% of this total. In the textile and dyeing industries, approximately 700,000 tonnes of dyes are used annually. Between 10 and 15 percent of those dyes are not fixed and end up in water bodies. Because the colors prevent light from entering through the water, when they are thrown into water bodies, the presence of water and the dependability of amphibian conditions are both affected. The aquatic animals that live there suffer as a result of the decreased oxygen levels in the environment. Untreated textile dye wastewater disposal has emerged as a major cause for concern in many nations due to the dangers it poses to aquatic and human life.