Journal of Pharmacognosy & Natural Products

Herbal medicine and its derivatives have been utilized in clinical management since the dawn of civilization. These remedies have proven to offer comprehensive relief for individuals suffering from Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), which remains the leading cause of death worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a staggering 17.9 million people, accounting for approximately 32% of global deaths, succumb to CVD annually. Clinical research has now firmly established the valuable efficacy of herbal medicine in treating this condition. This article delves into an in-depth examination of CVD, including its risk factors, associated treatments involving herbal remedies, and the phytopharmacological mechanisms behind the effectiveness of these herbal products.

The establishment of anthelmintic resistance and the high cost of conventional anthelmintic drugs led to the assessment of medicinal plants as an alternative source of anthelmintic using the P. posthuma mature earthworm. The timing of the earthworms paralysis and death at (25, 50, and 100 mg/ml) of three different concentrations was investigated. There was dose-dependent action in the plant extract, however, the ethanolic extract showed more than the aqueous extract. Albendazole was used as a standard reference at the same concentration as an extract, and normal saline served as the control. As compared to the conventional reference drug albendazole, compared to pure water, albendazole (10 mg/ml) is utilized as the standard reference medication. This is revealed by the results of the current study.