Journal of Nursing & Care

Background: Sexual activities among adolescent have been reported to be increasing worldwide. Several studies in Sub-Saharan Africa have also documented increasing premarital sexual activities among adolescents.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of premarital sexual practice and associated factors among adolescent of Jimma preparatory school, Jimma zone, south west Ethiopia.

Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma preparatory school from Feb 1-27, 2014. Simple random sampling was used. Data was collected through self- administered questionnaire and analyzed using frequency, percentage and chi-square. The study was conducted till June, 2014.

Result: In this study a total of 352 students give their response to the questions asked, and the response rate was 92.5%. Of this 197 (56%) males and 157 (44%) female adolescents were participated in the study. About 25% of the participants had had premarital sex at the time of survey. Among those adolescents who had had premarital sexual intercourse the main reason for initiation was falling in love which accounted for 47.7%. This study also revealed age (x2 = 12.2, p < 0.001), place of residency at (x2 = 23.1, p < 0.001), attending religious activity at (x2 = 59.4, p < 0.0002), mothers’ literacy at (x2 = 18.2, p < 0.001) and fathers, literacy at (x2 = 25.5, p< 0.001) were associated with their involvement in premarital sexual practice.

Conclusion and Recommendation: Considerable amount of school adolescents had started premarital sexual activity that may predispose them to different sexual and reproductive health problem. Alcohol drinking, seeing sexual related film, peer influence, etc. were found to be contributing factor to the practice. Therefore un integrated effort needs to be initiated to address such adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health problems through establishing and strengthening school anti HIV/AIDS clubs, sensitizing parents, community members and the public focusing on parent-child communication and discussion on sex related issues.

Background: Health Literacy (HL) is important because substantial numbers of the Irish population (38.8%) are ignorant of their HL. Research has shown that poor HL is associated with poorer health. Older people may be further disadvantaged by deteriorating vision, hearing or other physical problems which may impact HL. With the aging demographic, it is important that HL issues are examined in this population to help identify potential avenues for improvement.

Methods: This study utilized a validated health literacy assessment tool to profile a sample of older adults in terms of health information access and utilization. Assessing the effect of providing a short educational presentation in terms of their HL scores was completed using a test re-test experimental design with the NVS (Newest Vital Sign) HL assessment tool.

Results: Of the participants recruited 40% had limited HL. The General Practitioner (GP) was considered by 80% of participants to be the first preference for sourcing health information. While 80% of the sample had Internet access at home, only half of them used it to source health information, but that 50% had substantially higher HL scores than the other 50%. The sample was too small to show any significance in terms of the educational intervention but did indicate a need for further study.

Conclusion: The study confirmed that a cohort of older Irish people has difficulties with HL. The finding pertaining to better HL skills in those who used the Internet to source health information is interesting and requires further research.

Back ground: Knowing patients’ satisfaction with nursing care is important for any healthcare agency as nurses and nursing care comprise the majority of the healthcare provision in hospitals throughout a 24 hour day. Objectives: This study was aimed to assess adult inpatient satisfaction with nursing care and its determinant factors in the study area.

Methods: A cross-Sectional Survey was conducted at Hawassa University specialized and teaching hospitals (HUSTH) in Ethiopia from April 1-30, 2014. The study population consisted of patients who were admitted to the study wards at the time of data collection. Patients aged >18, admitted at least for two days and able to communicate. Data was collected using a modified ‘Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scale’ (NSNS). EPI –data version 3.1 and SPSS version 16 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted for identifying the predictors of satisfaction. Summary tables were used for presenting the result. Ethical approval was obtained from Jimma University

Results: A total of 406 patients participated in the study. The study showed that the mean satisfaction score of the patients was 47%. Multivariate linear regression indicated that perceived need and expectation of care were independent predictors of the patients’ satisfaction.

Conclusions: This study revealed that the satisfaction level of patients with the inpatient nursing care they received was low. It was influenced by their perceived need and expectation of care from their providers. Thus, we recommend that the hospitals managers should frequently assess its patients’ satisfaction status and provide tailored on-job training to its nurses in order to improve their skill for enhancing patients’ satisfaction.

Violence against nurses is a complex and persistent occupational hazard facing the nursing profession. Paradoxically, the job sector with the mission to care for people appears to be at the highest risk of workplace violence. Nurses are among the most assaulted workers in Health Care industry. Too frequently, nurses are exposed to violence – primarily from patients, patients’ families, visitors, and Health care team members too. This violence can take the form of intimidation, harassment, stalking, beatings, stabbings, shootings, and other forms of assault. Psychological consequences resulting from violence may include fear, frustration, lack of trust in hospital administration, and decreased job satisfaction. Incidences of violence early in nurses’ careers are particularly problematic as nurses can become disillusioned with their profession. Violence not only affects nurses’ perspectives of the profession, but it also undermines recruitment and retention efforts which, in a time of a pervasive nursing shortage, threaten patient care. The purpose of this article is to assess the problems of violence against nurses and discussing the different methods and solutions to stop the work place violence for quality care and safety of patients and Nurses at work place.

Human prion disease is known as new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), prion protein is not virus, but a special protein which is infectious (protinactious infectious particles, PRION). Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a group of infectious prion protein caused by sporadic, dominantly inherited, transmissible neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by pathologic spongy degeneration of the brain. Previously authors have published their idea in detail to prion protein disease. Detailed criteria of protecting medical staff and patients for this kind of disease was illustrated. In China, many hospitals have limited equipment and lacking knowledge of rare disease.

We treated a suspicious CJD patient and diagnosed with CJD after professional test. We took many measures to protect people who have direct or indirect contact with the patient and to prevent the transmission of virus. Firstly, we provide protection knowledge for health care workers and patient's families. Secondly, we made strict infection and isolation for environment and instruments. Thirdly, cut off the transmission and other factors to prevent the spread of disease. We are successfully got our goal that nobody was infected during the hospitalization. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease has a high infection possibility, it is apparent that positive and effective protection management is needed. Health education has an important significance for preventing Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease infection. Here is report presenting how we took care of the CJD patient.

Introduction: This study deals with the theme of the process of death/dying experienced by cancer patients from the perspective of nursing theoretically based the Elizabeth Kübler-Ross studies pioneered in describing the attitudes and emotional reactions raised by harmonizing death in terminally ill patients.

Objective: To describe the care in nursing about the process of death/dying patient in oncology. Methods: integrative review with qualitative approach.

Results: It was observed that the nursing care in oncology front of the patient in the process of death/dying is a daily challenge in dealing with the worsening condition of the patient, acceptance, fear, anxiety and confidence, taking care of the patient with no chance of cure, but not out of the possibility of care.

Conclusion: This study showed a body of knowledge about the process of death/dying experienced by patients hospitalized in Oncology Units from the perspective of nurses tending to a technical assistance, fragmented and impregnated by rules and routines at the expense of the essence of human care, in favour of a process of death and dying with dignity.

Objective : The aim of this study is to evaluate the hand hygiene and isolation precaution adhesion of the healthcare workers in routine cares.

Methods : In an infectious diseases care unit of a university hospital in Marseille, France, we designed an observational study at evaluating the hand hygiene and isolation precaution adhesion of the healthcare workers in routine cares by remote video recording. The care team including nurses, assistant nurses, housekeepers and physicians was monitored from November 30th (2012) to February 13th (2013). From a video camera was placed inside patient room, healthcare workers paths were recorded from entrance to exit of the patient’s room. Hand hygiene disinfection as well as gloves and mask wearing in isolation precautions were observed. A video camera was placed inside patient room. Healthcare workers paths were recorded from entrance to exit of the patient’s room. A nurse and a sociologist analyzed further videos. Hand hygiene disinfection as well as gloves and mask wearing in isolation precaution were observed.

Results : A total of 756 videos were captures. 249 were rejected because they were not contributive and 507 videos (811 Healthcare workers paths) were analyzed. Healthcare workers had hand disinfection at least one time in the path in 28.2%. Hand disinfection at entrance and exit of the bedroom is respected in 6.2%. The meal tray delivery is associated with a lower hand hygiene practice. The glove wearing adhesion is 51.2% in Clostridium difficile contact precaution, and conformity to protocol is 17.5%. Wearing gloves impairs hand disinfection especially in situation where gloves are not part of the protocol (38.7%). Adhesion to mask wearing in airborne precaution is 90.7%.

Background: Survivin is a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis gene family that has been implicated in cell division and suppression of apoptosis that becomes expressed in human cancers, e.g. colorectal, bladder cancers. But, there is no available data on the role of survivin in cutaneous neoplasms.

Aim: To estimate the expression of survivin gene and protein in Mycosis Fungoides (MF).

Methods: Seventeen cases of MF have been en-rolled into this study. Skin biopsies from such patient were subjected to RT-PCR technique to detect the level of survivin gene and protein.

Results: There was significant increase in expression of surviving gene and protein in cases of MF if compared to normal control.

Conclusion: Survivin may have a role in induction of MF and this may influence the therapeutic strategies for the treatment of MF.