Journal of Microbial Pathogenesis

The lethal plague, which is brought on by the bacteria Yersinia pestis, continues to be a problem for global public health. The bubonic plague, septicemic plague and pulmonary plague are the three primary clinical types. The signs and symptoms of all three kinds all emerge out of nowhere and worsen extremely quickly. Early antibiotic treatment is crucial for fighting the illness. Several families of antibiotics, including tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, rifamycin and beta-lactams, have shown effectiveness in various animal models and are active in vitro against the majority of Y. pestis strains. There have been a few documented inconsistencies, though. As a result, various medications have been licenced or suggested for use in treating or preventing disease. Currently, only monotherapy is advised; case reports or preclinical studies have demonstrated no benefits from combined medication. apprehensions regarding the rise of drug-resistant New families of antibiotics and other treatments have been created as a result of strains of Y. pestis (e.g., LpxC inhibitors, cationic peptides, antivirulence drugs, predatory bacteria, phages, immunotherapy, host-directed therapy and nutritional immunity). It is challenging to predict which of the currently developed medicines or treatments will be most efficient for a certain form of plague. This results from inconsistent data from case reports, a lack of standardisation in preclinical studies and a dearth of clinical trials to date.

Immune-modulatory effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa) was investigated in Escherichia (E.) coli induced infected broiler chicks. A flock of one hundred broiler birds were purchased and divided equally into four equal groups (A-D). Negative and positive control were assigned to groups A and B respectively. Birds of groups C and D were supplemented with turmeric at 10g/kg of feed from 10th to 42nd days of age. Birds of groups B and D were given a pathogenic strain of E. coli (1×104 CFU/ml/bird) on their 15th day of age. The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay was used to assess the humoral immune response to SRBCs and NDV. An avian tuberculin test and a carbon clearance assay were used for cellular immune response. Levels of IgA and IgG were determined through ELISA. Results showed that antibody titers against NDV and SRBCs were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the turmeric supplemented group. Similarly, levels of IgA and IgG were significantly higher (p<0.05) in birds supplemented with turmeric. The phagocytic index and lymphoproliferative response were significantly higher in the turmeric supplemented groups C and D as compared to control groups A and B. The findings of this study revealed that 10g/kg of dietary turmeric supplementation in broiler feed improves the cellular and humoral immune responses of broiler birds.

To assess medication compliance for patients with concomitant medical problems who have allergic rhinitis (AR) and are using intranasal corticosteroid spray (INCS). Methods: There was a cross-sectional study done. Adults over the age of 18 who also had concomitant asthma, eczema, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HPT), and persistent AR symptoms were included in the study. Total nasal symptom score (TNSS) was used to gauge the severity of symptoms, patient diaries were used to gauge medication compliance, and the Brief Medication Questionnaire was used to examine adherence hurdles. Results: There were 185 registered participants. Adherence to medicine was 58.9%. Participants with elevated levels of total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) (2=8.371, p 0.05), house dust mite (HDM) allergy to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) type (2=5.149, p 0.05), and severe TNSS at baseline had significantly better medication adherence. the initial visit (p 0.05, 2=37.016). At the first visit, adhering was twice as likely in cases of DP allergy, 2.7 times more likely in cases of increased total IgE, and 15 times more likely in cases of severe TNSS. Lack of symptoms, taking medication only when necessary, worry about side effects, running out of medication, experiencing disagreeable effects, poor response, forgetfulness, and taking too many prescriptions were among the obstacles to adherence. The only other factors that mattered were the absence of symptoms, taking medicine when they appeared, worrying about side effects, and running out of medication. Asthma/eczema, HPT/DM, and multi-medication use did not significantly correlate with medication adherence (2=0.418, p>0.05, 2=0.759, p>0.05, and 2=1.027, p>0.05, respectively).