Journal of Microbial Pathogenesis

Mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted bacterium that causes 15 to 25% of male nongonococcal urethritis and is associated with cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease in women.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vaginal infections with Mycoplasma genitalium on the level of antimullerian hormone (AMH) and its relationship with abortion by molecular methods in Urmia.Methods: In this study, microbiological methods were used to culture samples suspected of mycoplasma and also to increase the sensitivity to diagnose mycoplasma infections and possible association with the amount of antimullerian hormone in women in the age range of delivery. Genus and species of Mycoplasma RFLP-PCR was used. Results: From 500 intrauterine samples of pregnant women samples, extracted DNA, after PCR, 125 sample were positive. The culture results of the samples also showed that 80 cases grew after 2 weeks. 70% of PCR-confirmed samples had a history of miscarriage and 25% of antimullerian hormone levels were abnormal. Genotyping results indicated that the dominant mycoplasma was Mycoplasma genitalium strain G37 of the type.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL) is the most common form skin disease caused by a single-celled parasite that is transmitted by the bite of a phlebotomine sand fly. bloodshed transmitted from infected animals rodents, dogs or humans to healthy humans can cause contamination. Symptoms usually appear three months to a year after the bite. Leishmaniasis affects almost 12 million people worldwide and it is one of the diseases that special attention should be paid tocontrol and prevent it.

Methods: In the laboratory, the wounds are prepared from the patients and from the interstitial fluid of the wounds using a smear scalpel blade. Also, for further examination and more definitive diagnosis of the patients' samples, biopsy was performed. In addition, serous fluid from the patient’s skin

lesion were cultured in Schneider’s Drosophila medium (Sigma, Germany), supplemented with 5% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (Sigma, Germany). The real time PCR method was performed using clinical samples and it was repeated twice for each batch of samples.

All higher animals are associated with a diverse microbial community, mainly composed of bacteria. Diversity of gut micro-biota and health depends upon the food and environment. Zoo provides unintentionally diverse population exposure of microbes to animals as well as humans. About 60% of all human diseases and approximately 75% of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic. Fecal samples were collected of Olive Baboon kept at Lahore zoo. Samples were collected by using sterilized polythene bags and shifted to the laboratory of Microbiology of IMBB Department of University of Lahore immediately. Primary isolation was done on Nutrient agar and resulting growth was shifted on Differential media by streaking method. Gram staining was performed for the confirmation of bacteria. Pure colonies of bacteria were isolated through selective media. Different biochemical tests were performed for the further confirmation of genus of bacteria. Different bacteria such as E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella, Klebsiella spp., and Bacillus cereus were isolated. Antimicrobial resistivity of isolated bacteria was checked by using different antimicrobial discs and the zone of inhibition was measured in mm. The zone of inhibition of antibiotics showed that some bacteria were highly resistant to some antibiotics while some were sensitive. E. coli, S. aureus, Shigella, Klebsiella spp., and B. cereus were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Imipenem, Amikacin, Gentamicin, and shigella to Tetracycline.

New products (e.g. prebiotics) are constantly being developed to maximize production, particularly at the hatchery level to improve fry or post-larvae (PL) quality. Gutacean?, is a novel product, which has not been tested in fresh water species since it requires some salinity to be able to have a positive effect on survival and growth. Hence, we investigated the effectiveness of Gutacean? in a brackish water media on the growth performance of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii larvae, which requires brackish water during early development. Approximately 8,000 M. rosenbergii larvae (stage III) were treated with 200 μl Gutacean? for an hour in 40 L of brackish water (12.0  0.5 ppt). Afterwards, 6,000 treated larvae were individually counted in three groups of 2,000 (treatment in triplicates), along with 6,000 untreated larvae (control in triplicates), which were subjected to an identical handling procedure as the treated ones, and stocked (100 larvae /L) randomly in six hatching containers filled with 20 L of clear brackish water (50% water exchange per day), fitted with temperature controllers (28.0  0.5 C). Initial and final weights, shedding frequency and survival were recorded after 30 d, when the larvae reached the PL stage. Water quality parameters were maintained within ideal ranges. A significant difference (P>0.05) in survival rates of the treated (38.4%) vs. the control PLs (31.6%) could be observed, contrasting, with no significant difference (P<0.05) in final weights, nor in the final shedding frequency, among the treated and untreated (control) PLs. Further investigations are needed since the results in this study were mixed, perhaps by using other salinity levels.

The functional properties of buckwheat flour fermented with selected lactic acid bacteria have received increasing attention due to the suggested reduction of coronary heart disease, diabetes and cancer incidence in humans. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a complex group of compounds formed in a non-enzymatic way when reducing sugars react with amino acids of proteins and other protein-derived molecules. Protein glycation in human is believed to be implicated in the development of chronic degenerative diseases. The potential non-pharmacologic prevention of fermented buckwheat flours against formation of AGEs was addressed. In this study the inhibitory activity of buckwheat flours fermented with selected lactic acid bacteria on the formation of AGEs was addressed.