Journal of Genetics and Genomes

Leguminous crops are beneficial components of sustainable crops production. Biotic and abiotic stresses especially salinity is a wide spread environmental problem. It is more profound in the irrigated areas, where the underground water is brackish. Plant vegetative and reproductive growth is adversely affect by salinity and other abiotic stresses like drought and presence of heavy metals etc. Certain organic  compounds  which  are produced at  cellular  level  in plants  help  in reducing  the effect of different  stresses  through increasing  the nutrients  uptake efficiency,  antioxidants  activity  and by decreasing the  toxicity  of ions. Caffeicacid is actively involved in the synthesis of lignin in plants. Increasing the thickness of cell wall and improving plants defense mechanism become active against any stress like ion toxicity and heavy metals contamination. Superoxide radical binds due to use of caffeic acid, thus decreasing the stress of salinity to minimize lipoxygenase function. The ferulic acid is produced through caffeic acid mobilization by o-methyl transferase. Exogenous application of caffeic acid is a good enough option against different stresses like salinity, drought and heavy metals

Introduction: Use of HU among beta-thalassemia patients show different clinical outcomes and about 25% of patients do not response to this agent; the objective of this study was to evaluate the possible role of expression of anti-oxidative genes in response to HU.
Materials and methods: For miRNAs and mRNAs, RT-PCR was done by using specific primer for each miRNA and random hexamers for mRNAs.
Results: In responders, we observed a higher expression of Bcl-xl, Foxo3, ARG1, and miR-451 in comparison to non-Responders. For miR-144, we did not find any difference between the two groups.
Conclusion: As Hu can induce production of HbF, activation of genes involved in regulation of oxidative stress in responders may have a critical role in the survival of erythroid progenitors and maturation. So, it can cause to increase Hb levels in responders in comparison to non-responders

High identity of the carotenoid biosynthetic gene (crt) sequences (92–95 %) was shown in S. globisporus 1912, S. globisporus TFH56 and S. griseus NBRC 13350. The homology of the crt genes of the other 53 Streptomyces strains was lower, ranging from 75 % to 88 %. Two direct and non-punctual repeats (NPRs) of 21 bp and spontaneous deletion of 119 bp, including the sequence of 96 bp between two non-punctual repeats, one NPR from 3`-side and 2 neighboring bp, have been identified in the sequence of the lycopene cyclase gene crtY of the strains 1912-2 and 1912-4Crt of S. globisporus, correspondingly. Both NPRs begin from the same specific site (5`-GGGGCG-3`) that may play a role in the site-specific recombination, appearance of deletion and activation of the carotenoid biosynthesis in S. globisporus 1912-4Crt. The crtY gene of the different species of Streptomyces genus and bacteria contain the not identical 5`-GGGGCG-3` site in the both NPRs. The mutant strain 1912-4Crt presents biotechnological interest for genetic selection of the active producer of beta-carotene and lycopene.

To change the ratio of α-/γ-Tocopherol (Toc) is an important goal for rapeseed breeding. However, evidence showing the association between rapeseed VTE4 and seed Toc composition in oilseed crops is still insufficient. Single nucleotide polymorphism is a kind of molecular marker that causes phenotypic variations of a certain trait. We applied High-resolution Melting curve (HRM) technique to detect the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at BnaX.VTE4.b in an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutated M2 population of rapeseed. There were remarkable variations among 1011 individual M2 plants in total Toc and Toc composition (α-/γ-Toc ratio). The total Toc varied in a range of 150.33–424.18 mg/kg with the mean of 293.39 (SD ± 4.23). The-/γ-Toc ratio varied in the range of 0.35-2.84 with the mean of 0.95 (SD ± 0.37). The association between detected SNPs and phenotypic variations in Toc composition was analyzed. The results revealed significant association between BnaX.VTE4.b and α-/γ-Toc ratio. Frequency of SNPs varied greatly among different regions of the gene and we found nonsynonymous SNPs for both high and low α-/γ-Toc ratios near 5ʹ end of BnaX.VTE4.b. Moreover, linkage disequilibrium and association analysis revealed significant association between Toc composition and various SNPs on BnaX.VTE4.b providing useful markers for rapeseed quality breeding.