Journal of Forensic Research

The policy of police arrest in the Philippines requires the reading of the Miranda doctrine to the arrestee as stipulated in the Philippine Constitution. This Miranda doctrine provides an arrestee or any suspect an awareness of his right to remain silent and to get his own lawyer. While some police officers observe such policy, others tend to disregard the significance of reading the Miranda doctrine during the actual arrest. Using the qualitative mdescriptive method and drawing data from interviews, this paper seeks to investigate the language of police arrest and to draw implications on the upholding of the Miranda doctrine in the Philippines. It also seeks to review the policy of police arrest and its alignment with the actual practice. The finding of the research reveals that there is a mismatch between the policy and practice of police arrest in the Philippines. In addition, the improper use of language in the legal domain leads to marginalization of arrestees who are at a great disadvantage before the law. Further, this study suggests the need to explain clearly the content and meaning of the Miranda doctrine by the arresting officer to the arrestee.

Background: Gunshot residues are collected after shooting incident or firearms used, using to determine the composition of the GSR reference by various techniques to
choose methods and techniques most suitable for this type of analysis, such as SEM-EDX, NAA, LBIS and etc.
Objectives: Our proposed study is to determine the elemental analysis of GSR using EDX – 8000 set-up. All the GSR constituents lead-barium-antimony (Pb-Ba-Sb) are
verified in the Indian made ammunition.
Methods: Samples of metallic powder residue were realized after several shoots by different kind of weapons (country made firearms) with local ammunitions. So, this
study was undertaken to develop chemical ballistic specialty in order to improve forensic investigations and drive benefit to Indian police and forensic experts.
Results: Our results reveals that the non-destructive - EDX method is quite adequate to analysis the proposed investigation.

Disaster may be caused by natural events such as severe flooding, earthquake or volcanic eruptions.it can also be due to human activities such as mishaps involving mass
transport by Land Sea, air and other causes include war, boundary disputes. Identification of individual victims by devital means is one of the most reliable methods. In case
of severe disintegration visual recognition of facial features and finger prints are often impossible due to soft tissue destruction. This situation necessitates the use of the hard
calcified tissue such as human dentition and jaws, pelvis and skull

In the present study, samples of pugmark of Artiodactyla animals’ species were collected from different areas. The collection was done through photography method. After the collection of each and every pugmark samples of animal species then it was individually examined for the comparison of fore and hind foot of the specific animal species pugmark. Comparison of fore foot and hind foot was done on the bases of physical analysis such as shape, size, dimension, dew mark, claw mark and specific feature. From the observation, it is interpreted that fore foot and hind foot of same animal species showed different characteristics which were not same. Through pugmark we can not only identify the specific species but also identify weather it is fore foot or hind foot of the specific animal. Pugmark signifies identity.

Background: A series of novel and low-cost powders were synthesised for the detection and extraction of the latent fingerprints deposited on various porous and non-porous surfaces. The template materials for these novel products range from silica nanoparticles to iron nanoparticles and activated charcoal. Preliminary lab testing indicated high quality fingerprints that were developed on various porous and non-porous surfaces such as glass slides, polymer plastic bags, aluminium foil, cardboard and paper.
Results: The silica based nano-fingerprint powders gave extremely fine visual prints as compared to commercial SIRCHIE® powders, with a white
pattern of the ridges. Activated charcoal based and iron nanoparticles based powders on the other hand yielded fine black fingerprint patterns
similar to the commercial SIRCHIE® powders. These series of powders were subjected to on-field testing by utilising the state-of-art facility of
the General Department of Forensic Science and Criminology, Dubai Police. The samples were tested here under both lab conditions and virtual
crime scenes, alongside the SIRCHIE® commercial powders already in standard use by the Dubai Police. The qualities of print developed were
assessed based on the AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification System) report and visual inspection by the senior fingerprint experts of the
Dubai police.
Conclusion: The study revealed distinct advantages of the novel synthesised products over the commercial powders. There was higher uniformity
of the developed print patterns, higher score of AFIS analysis and advanced recovery of damaged fingerprints using the novel powders, which
makes these novel products highly commercially viable