Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed and prevalent cancer in women both in developed and developing countries, this constitutes a threat to the society and world economic stability. In situ carcinoma and invasive carcinoma are the broad rubric of breast cancer. In established breast carcinoma, about 80% depends on the gird of estrogen hormone for growth. Hence, the down-regulation of aromatase activities has been one of the strategies used in the treatment of breast-related carcinomas.
This study explores Syzygium aqueum for the best drug-gable compound via computation tools. Seventy-one compounds were obtained from Syzygium aqueum plant which was retrieved from works of literature and were docked into the active site of aromatase p450 for their antagonistic effects. Α-selinene, the lead compound with the binding energy of -8.5 kcal/mol was obtained using PyRx, autodock vina tools used in the molecular docking to obtain the docking scores. To ensure and validate that the right target was used, the FASTA sequence of the crystalline structure of aromatase p450 was blast on the chembl database.
Spearman rank correlation coefficient graph was plotted on graphpad prism 6 to obtain a strong correlation (R²) value of 0.77 between the dockings results of the CHEMBL’S compounds and their corresponding experimentally generated IC50 results. These results explain why α-selinene should be considered a potential antagonist of aromatase p450 in postmenopausal women suffering from breast carcinomas.

Mikania scandens (M. scandens) has been proposed to have several medicinal values for different ailments. This study evaluated the ethanolic extract of M. scandens leaves for its phyto-constituents, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Mice (AIDM). Phytochemical analysis was conducted using standard procedures while the anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective effects were determined using AIDM. The results of the phytochemical screening indicated the presence of steroids, alkaloids, phytosterol, flavonoids, phenolic compound, fatty acids and glycosides. The percentage reduction of blood glucose level was 33.18%, 33.19%, 54.77%, 75.29% & 80.93% in 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 hours respectively. In case of HDL lowering activity, it showed similar reduction (33.83%) level of HDL compared metformin (32.29%), while 85.08% reduction was observed in case of LDL. The extract also significantly decreased (74.08%, p<0.001) the TG level while it lessened 69.7% of total cholesterol compared to metformin (76.70%). In addition to that comparative hepatoprotective activity revealed the significant reduction in sGPT (83.66%) and sGOT (76.14%) level which almost similar to metformin activity. Taken together, this study revealed that ethanolic extract of M. scandens leaves contain bioactive constituents with antidiabetic potentials, which goes to support its acclaimed traditional medical use of the plant in the management of diabetes.

Aim: Medication errors may not occur more often with high-risk drugs, but the consequences or impacts from them could be more dangerous for the patients. This study was aimed to prepare and validate an instrument as learning modules to boost community pharmacists’ knowledge on High-risk Medications (HRM), which will help in minimizing serious consequences arising due to mishandling of HRM.

Methods: The instrument (videos) included chapters “introduction to HRM,” “Look Alike and Sound Alike (LASA) drugs” and “storage and labeling of HRM.” The instrument was ensured to be imperative, relevant, reactive and appropriate with the help of content and face validation which was then confirmed to be sensitive enough to distinguish knowledge levels of community pharmacists. The split-half reliability test by Kuder-Richardson formula 20 (KR 20) to obtain a homogenous reliability index value ensured internal consistency of the instrument.

Results: The five-points Likert scale showed an average score of above four points with Content Validity Index (CVI) for I-CVI as 0.913 and for S-CVI as 0.916. This indicated appropriateness, conciseness, and importance of the training materials. During face validation, the approval of the design of the learning modules was done, and the importance of the issues to the community pharmacy profession was thus emphasized. The KR 20 index values homogenously reached 0.937 for introduction, 0.8424 for LASA and 0.8195 for storage and labelling chapters, suggesting that the learning modules were reliable, operational, feasible and attractive.

Conclusion: The validated instrument considered as a vital tool to improve the community pharmacist’s knowledge and handling of HRM (s), thus contributing to better patient care.

Background: CD147 is expressed at different levels on numerous cell lineages and contains a single highly conserved transmembrane domain containing a glutamic acid that mediates interactions with other transmembrane proteins. CD147 is overexpressed in a broad range of human malignant tumours. CD147 promotes invasive properties, proliferation, and survival of tumour cells. Thus, the overexpression of BSG in tumours is generally regarded as an unfavourable prognostic marker.
Aim: We investigated the expression and prognostic relevance of CD147 in 20 CLL patients vs. 10 DLBCL patients.
Patients and Methods: We examined the 50 individuals (30 NHLs patients, 20 healthy controls) for lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly then, we withdraws peripheral blood samples from the study groups which were analyzed for CBC with blood film, LDH, UA, and immunophenotyping for CD147 on peripheral blood B lymphocytes by FC. Then we reassessed the patient's at 6, 12 month.
Results: At the initial assessment, CD147 positive expression on CD19+ gated population was (26.8 ± 25.7%) compared to the control group with P-value (˂0.05) , these patients also showed associated high LDH, UA, B symptoms, leucocytosis & absolute lymphocytosis. In the reassessment the patients with high CD147 expression the following were observed; fall in the Hb level, PLT count, development of organomegaly, and B symptoms.
Conclusion: High expression of CD147 by immunophenotyping correlates with the patient poor outcome according to international prognostic index (IPI) for lymphoma.

Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Arisaema propinquum Schott rhizomes.

Methods: The alcoholic and aqueous extracts were first tested for phytochemical screening. In-vitro antioxidant activity of extracts was evaluated by DPPH free radical (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) scavenging assay, reducing power method and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) scavenging assays. To investigate the in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts HRBC (Human Red Blood Cell) membrane stabilization method and percentage protein denaturation inhibition method was used.

Results: Phytochemical screening of the extracts reveals the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, proteins, amino acids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and terpenoids. The total phenolic and flavonoid content in methanolic and aqueous extract was found to be 554.06 ± 131.60 and 425.21 ± 101 mg/g Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE) and 324.71 ± 99.84 and 225.56 ± 42 mg/g Rutin Equivalents (RE) respectively. The methanolic extract showed potent percentage inhibition of DPPH and H₂O₂ scavenging activity as compared to standards rutin and ascorbic acid. Both the extracts showed good membrane stabilizing as well as protein denaturation activity when compared with the standard Indomethacin.

Conclusion: The results of the present study demonstrate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of the methanolic and aqueous extracts of Arisaema propinquum Schott rhizomes. However, it is necessary to isolate and purify the active principles responsible for pharmacological activity to determine its mechanism of action.The results of the present study demonstrate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of the methanolic and aqueous extracts of Arisaema propinquum Schott rhizomes. However, it is necessary to isolate and purify the active principles responsible for pharmacological activity to determine its mechanism of action.

Background: Patients undergoing haemodialysis has poor Quality of Life (QOL). Various studies have shown that level of haemoglobin, socio-economic status, literacy, dialysis program, ethnic groups, sex, comorbidities, malnutrition, depression and unsuccessful previous renal transplant affect quality of life of dialysis patient. There are limited data available that may co-relate the relationship of socio-demographic, clinical variables with QOL domains in Haemodialysis (HD) patients. Hence the present study is in line with these efforts.

Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from August 2016 to July 2017 on 131 patients in Haemodialysis unit of Bharati Hospital and Medical Research Centre. Socio-demographic and clinical details were obtained by Self-Predesigned Performa. Quality of life was assessed by WHO-BREF questionnaire. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis ‘H’ test were used to analyze the data statistically.

Results: All four domains in male (52.80+13.80), graduated (57.44 + 15.10), retired (62.77 + 17.03) patients and residing in an urban area (53.96 + 14.79) had higher scores as compared to female, primarily educated, employed or unemployed patients and residing in the rural area. As for the increase in duration and frequency of haemodialysis, physical domains were highly affected (47.99 + 12.67, 47.45+14.05). Surprisingly increase in the number of pills had a positive effect on physical (48.62 + 11.83), social (60.21 + 12.13) and environmental (58.40 + 12.11) domains.

Conclusion: Marital status, employment status has a negative impact while education, economic and residential has a positive impact on QOL. Interestingly, patients with social habits and increase in duration of haemodialysis, the frequency of haemodialysis and poly-pharmacy had a better QOL.

The main objective of this study is to develop a reverse phase HPLC method for the quantitative determination of valsartan and its tablet dosage form with a simple, rapid, specific, validated and sensitive method. An isocratic separation is achieved using Phenomenex C18 (75 x 4.6 mm, 2.6 μ, 100 Å) with mobile phase comprised of water: acetonitrile (30%:70% v/v). Valsartan shows a retention time of 2.71 min at 1 mL/min flow rate and the wavelength was detected at 247 nm. Robustness, specificity, precision, accuracy, linearity, LOD and LOQ was validated using this method. The LOD is 1.24 μg/mL and LOQ is 3.6 μg/mL. The calibration curve in the concentration range of 5-50 μg/mL is linear with coefficient of correlation 0.9999. The % recovery of the valsartan is in the range of 98.9%-102% and the % RSD is <2%. This method is successfully applied for quantitative determination of valsartan in tablet dosage form.

The present investigation was designed to screen the phytochemical constituents of ethyl acetate extracts of endophytic fungi Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium tenuissimum and Penicillium janthinellum were isolated from the medicinal plants Passiflora foetida, Memecylon edule and Justicia adhatoda respectively. The ethyl acetate extracts were prepared from endophytic fungi and the extracts were subjected to phytochemical analysis by GC-MS. In this study, the mass spectrum of the compounds found in extracts of endophytic fungi was matched with the WILEY8 library and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST14) library. The GC-MS analysis of endophytic fungi revealed that the presence of thirty three phytocompounds in Chaetomium globosum, thirty four phytocompounds in Cladosporium tenuissimum and thirty nine phytocompounds in Penicillium janthinellum including the antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds. The major chemical constituents present in the ethyl acetate extracts of endophytic fungi Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium tenuissimum and Penicillium janthinellum such as 2-Cyclohexen-1-one, 2-methyl-5-(1- methylethenyl)- (13.50%), Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (12.22%), 2-Propenal, 3-phenyl- (9.39%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (9.35%), N-Didehydrohexacarboxyl-2,4,5-trimethylpiperazine (8.47%), Tetracontane (8.32%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (11.97%), 9-Octadecenoic acid, (E)- (10.69%) and (1H-Benzoimidazol-2-yl)-[4-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)- phenyl]-amine (8.62%). So, the present study confirmed that the presence of biologically active compounds in endophytic fungi of medicinal plants, which are used in the traditional system of medicine to treat many diseases. Further study is needed to isolate and characterize the bioactive compounds responsible for therapeutic values.

The main aim of the study was to co- relate normal pulse rate with the finger that is bigger than thumb of
foot. Pulse is heart rate, heart rhythm, and heart-beat. Santorio santorii was the first person, who accurately
measured the rate of pulse. . People those have second bigger toe of than thumb are born leaders, they
also have ability to kick out the problems in their lives and they make their own way, they are also creative,
such type of persons enjoy their lives and remain happy. A total of two hundred students participated in
this research activity. The subjects were not only students of Bahauddin Zakariya University but also the
people of different age group from Multan, Pakistan. A questionnaire was prepared to relate pulse rate with
the comparison between the size of thumb and figure of foot. No significant relation between pulse rate
and thumb and figure size comparison was observed, and these were two different terms and parameters
that were not relate to each other.