Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine

The strong optical absorption and scattering of noble metal nanoparticles is due to an effect called localized Surface Plasmon Resonance, which enables the development of novel biomedical applications. AuNPs are the most stable metal nanoparticles, and they present fascinating aspects such as their assembly of multiple types involving materials science, the behavior of the individual particles, size-related electronic, magnetic and optical properties [quantum size effect], and their applications to catalysis and biology likewise, AgNPs due to its excellent biocompatibility and antibacterial property raise considerable interest as nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Since the size, shape and composition of silver nanoparticles can have significant effect on their efficacy, extensive research has gone into synthesizing and characterizing silver nanoparticles. This article reviews the various synthetic routes currently used for developing stable silver nanoparticles and their biomedical applications in the areas of microbial resistance, antioxidant activity, anticancerous, drug delivery, antiplatlet, antiangiogenic activity, surface enhanced Raman scattering and metal enhanced fluorescence.

Disposition kinetics of levofloxacin was investigated after single dose intravenous administration at the dose of 10 mg/kg in six healthy and six mastitic Black Bengal lactating goats. Mastitis was induced in goats by coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus . The maximum milk concentration was higher in mastitic goats (17.01 ± 0.67 μg/ ml) as compared to healthy (14.75 ± 0.95 μg/ml). The therapeutic milk concentration in mastitic goats (0.10 ± 0.00 to 16.61 ± 0.70 μg/ml) was maintained for 48 h, which was significantly longer than healthy goats (36 h). The t ½ β in plasma (5.08 ± 0.18 h) and milk (7.28 ± 0.09 h) of mastitic goats were significantly longer than healthy goats (4.04 ± 0.24 and 4.16 ± 0.76 h). The total body clearence in plasma of healthy goats (5.64 ± 0.78 ml/kg/min) was almost similar to mastitic goats (5.82 ± 0.44 ml/kg/min). The AUC milk /AUC plasma ratio (3.36) in mastitic goats indicated extensive penetration of levofloxacin from plasma to milk. The t 1/2 milk /t 1/2 plasma ratio was 1.43. The AUC/MIC ratio in plasma and milk of mastitic goats were 296 and 1014 respectively. Based on the plasma kinetic parameters, it was concluded that levofloxacin may be used for treatment of mastitis in goats.