Immunochemistry & Immunopathology

Preventing IgE-mediated allergies remains a significant challenge in modern healthcare, necessitating innovative strategies to address the underlying immunological mechanisms driving allergic reactions. Harnessing major allergens for prophylactic cell therapy presents a promising avenue for allergy prevention. This approach involves leveraging the immunomodulatory properties of allergenic proteins to induce tolerance and desensitization in susceptible individuals. By utilizing specialized cell subsets, such as regulatory T cells or tolerogenic dendritic cells, engineered to target major allergens, it is possible to orchestrate antigen-specific immune responses that mitigate allergic sensitization and promote immune tolerance. This review explores the rationale behind harnessing major allergens for prophylactic cell therapy, discusses recent advancements in the field and highlights the potential of this strategy as a preventive measure against IgE-mediated allergies.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by synovial inflammation and joint destruction. T cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of RA, with Co-Inhibitory Receptors (Co-IRs) modulating T cell responses. This review examines the comprehensive expression profile of Co-IRs on T cells and soluble proteins in RA, elucidating their roles in disease progression and therapeutic targeting. Through a systematic analysis of current literature, this review highlights the intricate interplay between Co-IRs and T cell function in RA pathogenesis, shedding light on potential avenues for therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, this review explores the dynamic interactions between Co-IRs and soluble proteins within the complex immunological milieu of RA. By examining the expression patterns and functional implications of Co-IRs on T cells, as well as their modulation by soluble factors, a deeper understanding of the immunopathogenesis of RA emerges. Insights gleaned from this analysis hold promise for the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at restoring immune balance and ameliorating disease activity in RA patients.

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus. The disease manifests with diverse clinical presentations, ranging from self-healing cutaneous lesions to disfiguring mucocutaneous forms. The systemic immune response plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CL, orchestrating a complex interplay between host defense mechanisms and parasite evasion strategies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the systemic immune response in the context of CL pathogenesis, highlighting key immunological factors implicated in disease progression and outcome. Through a synthesis of current literature, this review elucidates the dynamic interactions between innate and adaptive immune components, cytokine networks and immune evasion mechanisms employed by Leishmania parasites. Insights gained from understanding the systemic immune response in CL not only contribute to our knowledge of parasitehost interactions but also offer potential avenues for the development of immunotherapeutic strategies and vaccines.

Kidney Transplant Recipients (KTRs) are known to be at increased risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19 due to immunosuppression. With the emergence of COVID-19 vaccines, understanding the incidence and severity of breakthrough infections in KTRs and their association with anti- Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) IgG antibody levels is critical for optimizing vaccination strategies in this vulnerable population. In this study, we investigated the relationship between anti-RBD IgG antibody levels after COVID-19 vaccination and the incidence and severity of COVID-19 in KTRs. A cohort of KTRs who received COVID-19 vaccination was monitored for breakthrough infections and anti-RBD IgG antibody levels were measured at regular intervals post-vaccination. Our findings provide insights into the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in KTRs and highlight the importance of monitoring antibody responses for guiding vaccination strategies in immunocompromised individuals.