Arts and Social Sciences Journal

The condition of women continued to deteriorate from post Vedic period till the Medieval period and it became worst during the advent of British in Punjab. There was nothing which could be said as the rights of women and women empowerment. Many crimes were committed against her. In the present work the crimes of female infanticide, trafficking of women, prostitution and Sati in the province of Punjab have been discussed during 1861 to 1919, along with the endeavors made by the British in this period to suppress these crimes. The causes which led to the commission of such crimes have been also discussed in this work.

The print media including the regional newspapers are relied upon by the people as credible sources of information, education and entertainment. Various studies on print media all across the globe have shown that in the past few years there has been an improved and increased reportage of issues regarding women in the media particularly in the print. News related to women is now increasingly occupying important slot. Based on a content analysis of an English daily newspaper, Greater Kashmir, this paper examines how women’s issues get portrayed. It also focuses on the coverage made by the newspaper regarding women’s issues. The kinds of situation Kashmiri Women live in; the regional newspaper holds an utmost importance in preserving the data on the status of women

Almost no American corporation is immune from the impact of globalization. The reality for American corporations is that they must increasingly cope with diverse cross-cultural employees, customers, suppliers, competitors, and creditors. There are 11,553 women and 8,556 males currently enrolled at a major University in New York City. Between fall 2007 and fall 2008 female students accounted for 57% of the student body while international student population has increased to 40% vs. 38%. The rate of retention for females has decreased. 61% of the graduates were females compared to 62%. Internationally female students account for 51% of the total student and male international students account for 48% of the student body. International students represent over 100 countries with the top five including, India, China, South Korea, Taiwan, and the Caribbean. Students within these top five countries are studying abroad in the United States on a visa or temporary basis. With the number of international and female students within the university, there are currently no mentorship programs available for these groups. This particular University operates within three campuses in New York City and two in Europe.

In this article, we present the results of a qualitative study on representations of social classes and social mobility between classes. The self-identified middle-class group attributes itself positive characteristics such as perseverance, entrepreneurship, work ethic, and consecration to an improvement plan. Staying in the middle class is perceived as a constant struggle to survive in an adverse economic, political and social context. The social relations between the classes are perceived as highly differentiated, with little mixture and a net desire to demarcate one from the others. The elements that structure social classes, according to this perspective, include education in the first instance, occupation, income, and the amounts of cultural and social capital accumulated in a variety of family and social conditions that vary by region and place of birth amid a common context of social policies and programs that are present for all social classes. The component that enables social mobility versus immobility for social groups of similar origin is the use of the fragile opportunities available throughout life. This is how the middle class is formed and recomposed in processes of upward mobility of low fluidity and little stability. This process, for some, has not been fully achieved in the present generation, but will only be achieved in their children’s generation and in some cases, by sacrificing the expectations of parents and older siblings.

This paper attempts to explain the perception of Kosovo’s electorate about the relationship of political parties in Kosovo with ideology. For the purpose of empirical testing of the Ideology report with political parties in Kosovo as part of the study, it was judged to undertake a survey to investigate how the Kosovo electorate perceived the policy report with ideology. On primary resources, the data provided by the survey conducted with 310 respondents in Kosovo were used. Through this survey we will present the results of the interpretation of the data provided by the frequency tables and the cross tablets. In this presentation, generally, data from one-variable and two-variable crosstab data and statistical values of Cramer’s V compilation values and Approx. Sig. to the Symmetric Measures table. After the data presentations, the interpretation of these values will be made with their possible significant statistical associations and the empirical test report on the implications under consideration.

The purpose of this article is to provide a perspective on the evolution of the Global Special Operations Forces Enterprise as seen from a partner perspective. The article starts with a review of the historical antecedents of Special Operations Forces since the second world war and the development of the Norwegian Special Operations Forces until today. The article then continues with a discussion of the development of the Global Special Operations Forces Network. The construction of a Special Operations Forces network and the operationalization of the Global Special Operations Forces Network is then discussed. Steps that were taken to maintain the imitative and the challenges of creating a coalition to participate in Operation Inherent Resolve is then discussed. Some conclusions regarding the coalition of the willing in relation to the Global Special Operations Forces Network are drawn, and challenges related to this is then discussed. A recommendation in view of the revealed challenges is that a beneficial step for the Global Special Operations Forces Network would be to define the organizational structure and clearly articulate it for operations at all levels.

This study aims at identifying the factors which influence the turnover phenomenon of the Employees of the Ministry of Education and Higher Education in the Gaza Strip. The Ministry of Education in Gaza suffers from the employee turnover phenomenon. Statistics show that the number of employees who have quit their jobs at the Ministry since 2010 is 829 administrative staff and teachers. This requires the attraction of new employees to fill the vacancies. The study population included all of the previous employees, including teachers, who have worked at North and West Gaza Governorates and willingly quit since 2010. To achieve the study objectives, the researcher gathered the data from different sources. The descriptive analytical approach was adopted through using a stratified random sample of the research population. The study sample consisted of previous teachers who worked at public schools and administrative staff and professionals who worked at the North and West Gaza governorates. The total number of sample individuals was 307; then 260 questionnaires were distributed and 239 were retrieved. SPSS Program was used for the data analysis. The results show that all work-related factors (payments, job performance, role clarity, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment) influence the employees’ turnover. As for external factors (employment perception and unions’ presence), the results show that employees’ turnover is affected by the employment perception, but not affected by the presence of a union. The Multiple Correlation Coefficient R=0.776 and R-Square=0.589. This means that 58.9% of the variation in Turnover is explained by all independent variables together. The study recommends decision makers at the Ministry of Education to search for the connection between employees’ turnover and turnover intentions. In addition, it should make use of the data it collects about the turnover intentions to identify and target valuable employees with high turnover intentions. The employees’ job satisfaction should be evaluated and reinforced, and meetings should be held with quitters to understand the factors which led to their resignation. To limit employees’ turnover phenomenon, the Ministry should work on achieving better level of organizational commitment.

The Computer and the Internet have enriched people’s perspectives on how individuals communicate and establish intimate online relationship across cultures. With the appearance of Computer-aided Communication (CAC), new notions towards understanding the importance of relationship maintenance, interdependence, commitment and relationship barriers in Cross-cultural communication situation have surfaced. Some individual find the use of modern communication technology dynamic while others find it superficial. Because of this, issues and concerns relating to the parameters of its use and how it affects friendship in the context of cross-cultural communication are opening all kinds challenging ideas for researchers all over the globe to explore. Hence, this study ventured into investigating the Computer-aided intimate friendship between Filipino students and their foreign friends: Towards an emerging Cross-cultural communication. Cultural Dimension, Relational Maintenance, and CAC theories served as primary theoretical backbones for this research. As this research was qualitative in nature, methodologies used include in-depth interviews, questionnaire and focus group discussion (FGD) which was voluntarily participated in by Filipino college students and their intimate online foreign friends. Results showed that informants utilized practical relationship maintenance strategies. Relative to publicized relationship maintenance strategies, however, another three notable strategies came to the surface. These are Material and financial support, Cyber-sensual activity and Constant and regular communication through CAC. Such strategies profoundly created strong interdependence and commitment that help broke certain relationship barriers between the collectivist and individualist informants. Further, informants convincingly explicated seven (7) online interaction practices that magnified the conceptualization of an emerging cross-cultural communication pattern. These practices are: a) Openness in communication; b) Willingness to commit to one’s online friend; c) Benefiting from distance interaction; d) Strong Interdependence; e) Practical relationship maintenance strategies amidst relationship barriers; f) Active participation of social networks; and, g) Mutual support. Overall, the study brought the “techno-dyadic cross-cultural communication pattern” to the fore.

There is no disputing the fact that the UK’s National Health Service (NHS) is currently in deep financial trouble. With steady increase in the population and increasing demands on its services, the pressure on all the NHS trusts continues to increase day-by-day. Despite all these, the country still grapples with its own economic problems which make it extremely difficult to provide enough money needed to fund the NHS. Owing to the importance of health care to national development, the UK public is not ready to compromise its demand for quality health services that must be free at the point of delivery. As the prime minister pointed out in one of her TV interviews, there is no magic tree from which money could be plucked endlessly to fund the NHS services. The government however considered it necessary to cut funding to public sector services to fill the hole in the economy. This translated into pressures mounted on all government departments to cut their expenses and the NHS is not exempted. Different NHS trusts responded differently. For example, Oxleas NHS Foundation Trust responded by redesigning many of its services and directorates to devise a new way of working in a smart, efficient and less expensive way. The aim of this paper is to look into one of these redesign programmes with a view to evaluate its impacts on staff welfare.