Firew Tiruneh andÃÂ Yared Deyas
DOI: 10.37421/jar.2020.11.806
Background: Children aged below 15 years, carries almost 80% of the global burden of Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Sadly, Human Immunodeficiency Virus contribute for 50% of tuberculosis. In 2017, an estimated 1 million children became ill with TB and 230 000 children died of TB. Despite the fact that the use of HAART reduces TB incidence, wide Studies are showing opposing finding. Tuberculosis and Pneumonia are predominantly common among HIV infected children. Ethiopia is one of 22 the high TB burden country. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of highly active anti-retro viral therapy on the incidence of tuberculosis among children and their clinical profiles.
Method: A retrospective cohort study design was used on 800 HIV-positive Children younger than 15years old; from 2009 to 2014. Incidence rate was calculated by open Epi. Kaplan-Meier technique and the generalized log-rank test was used to construct and compare the tuberculosis-free survival probabilities for both Pre-HAART and HAART following children. Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess predictors of TB.
Result: In HAART cohort the incidence of TB is (70) 3.59 per 100PYO at [2.8, 4.538 with 95% CI]. In HAART naïve (87) 4.63 per 100 PYO [3.705, 5.706 with 95% CI]. The Kaplan Meir analysis for the overall comparison showed (log rank test statistic=1.029, DF=1, P=0.310). The predictors for TB incidence in this study are CD4 below threshold, gender being female and WHO clinical stage III or IV.
Conclusion: Though the incidence in HAART cohort looks lower mathematically, there is no statistically significant difference. TB, Pneumonia, Diarrhea, and Dermatitis are the most clinically profiled OI
Djelika Konate, Wamarou Traore, Honorine Dahourou, Casimir Ouedraogo, Agnes Bambara-Kankouan, Antoine Somda, Abdoulaye Guire, Tanga Kiemtore, Nicolas Barro and Lassana Sangare
DOI: 10.37421/jar.2020.11.807
Background: New cases of HIV/AIDS are still being reported and threaten the achievement of the HIV-1 elimination goal in Burkina Faso. An adequate assessment of the
extent of this problem is key to redistributing available resources. HIV-1 incidence and associated risk factors among pregnant women estimated in Burkina Faso.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of pregnant women in all 13 administrative regions of Burkina Faso from 2012 to 2016. Collected sera
analyzed by Vironostika HIV Uniform II Plus O, ImmunoComb II HIV-1 & 2 Bispot, HIV BLOT 2.2 assays to determine serological status. HIV-1 LAg-Avidity EIA performed
on HIV-1 positive samples to differentiate between recent and old infections. Sociodemographic information collected for all participants. Data analysis performed using
EPI Info and XLSTAT.
Results: A total of 36,848 pregnant women included in the analyses. Serological testing showed 483 HIV-1 positive, 18 HIV-2 positive, 7 HIV-1 + 2 coinfection cases.
Overall, 355 HIV-1 positive samples tested with HIV-1 LAg-Avidity EIA; the remaining samples had insufficient volume to be tested. The adjusted incidence rates were
0.17% and 0.09% (p=0.0919) in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Sociodemographic factors associated with recent infections included the 25-34 and ≥35 year age groups,
high education level, household and secretary occupations, trader wife, civil servant wife, residence in urban sites, being married, a length of stay in the administrative
region of <1 year.
Conclusion: HIV-1 incidence is decreasing in Burkina Faso. However, women with certain risk factors should be targeted in prevention programs to reach the country’s
HIV-1 elimination goal.
