HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, making it difficult for the body to fight off infections and diseases. Over the past few decades, significant advances have been made in understanding the biology of HIV, developing new treatments, and improving outcomes for people living with the virus. Here are some of the advances in HIV research and treatment. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a combination of drugs that suppress the replication of HIV in the body. ART is the cornerstone of HIV treatment and can significantly reduce the amount of virus in the blood, improving the immune system and reducing the risk of AIDS-related illnesses. ART is highly effective and has transformed HIV from a deadly disease to a manageable chronic condition. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a medication that is taken daily to prevent HIV infection. PrEP is highly effective when taken as prescribed and can reduce the risk of HIV infection by up to 99%. PrEP is recommended for people who are at high risk of HIV infection, including men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, and people in serodiscordant relationships (where one partner is HIV-positive and the other is HIV-negative). Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is a medication that is taken after exposure to HIV to prevent infection. PEP is recommended for people who have had a potential exposure to HIV, such as through unprotected sex or needle-sharing.
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