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Journal of Nephrology & Therapeutics

ISSN: 2161-0959

Open Access

Renal Biopsy in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract

Kouamé Justin N’Dah*, Tia WM, Lagou DA, Guei MC, Abouna AD, Touré I, Oka KH, Kobenan AAR, Diopo S, Delma S, Cherif I, Amékoudi E, Ouattara BS, Yao KH, Ackoundou NC, Adonis KL, Yao GV, Gnionsahié DA and Diomandé MIJM

Background: Renal biopsy (RB) is a significant advance in the management of kidney disease. In sub-Saharan Africa, few studies were conducted. The objective of our work was to evaluate the indications of RB, to determine the epidemiological and histological characteristics of nephropathies diagnosed in sub-Saharan Africa.

Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study on RBs examined between January 2015 and December 2019, at the Pathological Anatomy and Cytology Departments of Cocody-Abidjan and Bouaké Teaching Hospitals. RBs came from four African countries (Côte d'Ivoire, Togo, Guinea-Conakry and Burkina Faso). Optical microscopy and/or direct immunofluorescence techniques were used. Included in this study were RBs containing epidemiological, clinical, biological and anatomic pathological data (optical microscopy and/or direct immunofluorescence). The parameters studied were: indication of RB, epidemiological and clinical profile, proteinuria and histology.

Results: Over the study period, we collected 179 RBs, or 35.8 RBs/year. The mean age of patients was 32.9 13.8 years (extremes of 11 and 70 years). The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.03. Nephrotic syndrome was the main indication (64.2%, n=115) followed by persistent acute kidney disease (7.8%, n=14), rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (7.3%, n=13), nephrotic syndrome with chronic kidney disease (6.1%, n=11), isolated chronic kidney disease (5.6%, n=10) and other indications (8.9, n=16). Glomerular nephropathy (GN) was observed in 97.8% (n=175) and tubulointerstitial disease (TID) in 2.2% (n=4). Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (34.6%, n=62), nephrotangiosclerosis (10.6%, n=19), extramembranous GN (10%, n=18), post-infectious GN (8.9%, n=16), lupus GN (7.3%, n=13) were the main nephropathies.

Conclusion: The Renal biopsy is a crucial gesture for the diagnosis of nephropathy. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is the main nosology. The establishment of a kidney registry would allow a better knowledge and management of kidney pathologies in sub-Saharan Africa.

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