Sleep and wakefulness are important physiological manifestations of brain, even for clinicians. Review on Physiology of Sleep includes wakefulness as they are interchangeable, interdependent states. On discussion with introduction to sleep which includes sleep cycle; types of sleep; sleep waves neurotransmitters, pathways, circuits and receptors are summarised. Role of higher centres, parts of brain and other factors (steroid, biological rhythm, aging etc) are reviewed. Its implication in various sleep disorders and recent advances in neurophysiology related to sleep are described.
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