Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine

Magnitude and Associated Factors of Respiratory Distress Syndrome among Preterm Neonate Admitted to Addis Ababa Public Hospital, Ethiopia 2023/24

Abstract

Muluneh Kidane Tufa*

Introduction: Respiratory distress syndrome is a catastrophic respiratory problem among preterm neonates. It increases the suffering of neonates and the economic expenditure of the countries. Notably, it is a major public health issue in low and middle-income countries such as Ethiopia. Studies regarding respiratory distress syndrome among pre term neonates are limited in Ethiopia.

Objectives: The study aims to determine the magnitude and associated factors of respiratory distress syndrome among pre-term neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care units of Addis Ababa public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023/24. Method: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in the NICUS of selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa. A systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit a predetermined sample size by using the registration numbers of the neonates admitted to the selected public hospitals from January 2023 to December 2023. A total of 373 neonates were included in the analysis. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between neonatal respiratory distress and Independent variables. Variables with a P-value of less than 0.25 and fulfilled the assumption of logistic regression from bi-variable analysis was considered for the multivariable logistic analysis. The strength of the association was evaluated using an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval, and a P-value<0.05 was considered to declare significant associations.

Result: In this study the magnitude of RDS among preterm neonates admitted to Addis Ababa public hospitals was 47.5%, (95% CI 42.9 to 52.5%). C/S delivery (AOR, 4, 443; 95%, CI, 1.851-10.664), presence of maternal pre-eclampsia (AOR, 5.041: 95% CI, 2.629-9.669), 1st minute Apgar score <7 (AOR: .334 95% CI, .170-.655), 5th minute Apgar score <7 (AOR .378 95% CI . 171-.832), presences of sepsis (AOR, 2.970 95% CI, 1.603-5.504) and MAS (AOR: 2.272 95% CI 1.215-4.428) were statistically significant factors.

Conclusion: The current study showed that the magnitude of preterm neonatal RDS was high. Hence, healthcare providers and other concerned stakeholders should give due attention, and appropriate intervention for preterm neonates with preventable and treatable factors.

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