The Mediterranean diet, renowned for its health-promoting effects, has long been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. In recent years, advancements in multi-omics research have allowed scientists to delve deeper into the intricate mechanisms underlying these benefits. Employing humanized gnotobiotic rats as a model system, this study aims to elucidate the nutritive and oxidative consequences of a Mediterranean diet and oil-based supplements on cardiovascular and metabolic health. By integrating genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics data, researchers are gaining unprecedented insights into the molecular pathways influenced by dietary interventions. This article reviews the current understanding of the Mediterranean diet, the significance of employing humanized gnotobiotic rats in research, and the insights garnered through multi-omics approaches regarding the diet's impact on cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.
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