Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) play a pivotal role in cancer metastasis, and their isolation and analysis hold immense promise for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Magnetic nanoparticles have emerged as a powerful tool for the selective separation of CTCs from non-CTCs, owing to their unique properties. This article reviews the current state of research on the applications of magnetic nanoparticles in CTC separation, emphasizing the various strategies, challenges, and future prospects in this dynamic field. Cancer remains a global health challenge, and one of its deadliest aspects is metastasis. The early detection and isolation of Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) have the potential to transform cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. CTCs are cancer cells that have shed from the primary tumor and entered the bloodstream, serving as potential indicators of cancer progression and therapeutic response. However, isolating and characterizing these rare CTCs from the vast majority of non- CTCs in the blood is a formidable task.
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