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Pre-testicular Causes | Open Access Journals
Clinical and Medical Case Reports

Clinical and Medical Case Reports

ISSN: 2684-4915

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Pre-testicular Causes

Though so many advancements in diagnosis of male infertility have been developed, still Azoospermia is always the most challenging topic associated with infertility treatment. Pretesticular causes are also called secondary testicular failure which generally results from pathological endocrine conditions. Typical causes of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HGH) include Kallmann's syndrome that indicates pituitary trauma, pituitary tumors and anabolic steroid use. HGH is the rare cause of male infertility and the disorder can be classified as congenital or acquired. Kallmann's syndrome is a congenital cause of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and is associated with malformation of the midline cranial structures. Acquired causes of HGH comprise pituitary tumors, pituitary trauma, panhypopituitarism and anabolic steroid use. Exogenous testosterone prevents the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis and results in azoospermia by inhibiting gonadotropins via the feedback loop of the HPG axis which results in hypogonadism and infertility. Testicular etiologies that have been broadly termed as primary testicular failure are intrinsic disorders of spermatogenesis. 

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