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Anti-Apoptotic Drug | Open Access Journals
Cancer Science & Therapy

Cancer Science & Therapy

ISSN: 1948-5956

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Anti-Apoptotic Drug

Apoptosis may be a sort of programmed necrobiosis that leads to the orderly and efficient removal of damaged cells, like those resulting from DNA damage or during development. Apoptosis are often triggered by signals from within the cell, like genotoxic stress, or by extrinsic signals, like the binding of ligands to cell surface death receptors. Deregulation in apoptotic cell death machinery is a hallmark of cancer. Apoptosis alteration is responsible not just for tumor development and progression but also for tumor resistance to therapies. Most anticancer drugs currently utilized in clinical oncology exploit the intact apoptotic signaling pathways to trigger neoplastic cell death. Thus, defects within the death pathways may end in drug resistance so limiting the efficacy of therapies. Therefore, a far better understanding of the apoptotic necrobiosis signaling pathways may improve the efficacy of cancer therapy and bypass resistance.  Apoptosis, the programmed necrobiosis, is finely regulated at gene level leading to the orderly and efficient removal of damaged cells like those occurring following DNA damage or during development.   Usually, the balance between the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic protein regulators may be a critical key point to work out if a cell undergoes apoptosis. The induction of apoptosis as results of DNA damage in precancerous lesions can remove potentially harmful cells, thereby blocking tumor growth. Deregulation of this death process is related to unchecked cell proliferation, development and progression of cancer and cancer resistance to drug therapies. For that reason, deregulation of apoptosis is taken into account one among the hallmarks of cancer.  This article focuses on the mechanisms of apoptosis, how defects along the apoptotic pathway contribute to cancer development and drug resistance and, briefly, how apoptosis is often used as a vehicle of targeted treatment in cancer. They attack and kill not only the cancer target of interest, but in many cases also normal cells in tissues that are vital for cancer patient survival. Drugs that target cellular functions that are essential specifically for cancer cell survival should thus be of benefit to the cancer patient undergoing chemotherapy. Cancer cells have adapted numerous strategies to avoid apoptosis, or programmed cell death.

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