Henrey Johns
Postrevascularization syndrome (PRS) is a condition that arises as a result of the restoration of normal blood flow to tissues after a prolonged period of ischemia, which is the deficiency of blood supply to an organ or tissue. PRS is characterized by a range of injuries, both local and systemic, that can lead to serious complications if not treated promptly.
Pietro Delise
Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (PAF) is a type of atrial fibrillation that occurs in episodes, typically lasting less than 7 days. This condition is characterized by irregular and rapid heartbeats that originate in the atria of the heart. Although PAF may be asymptomatic in some patients, it can cause a range of symptoms, including chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue and palpitations. PAF is a relatively common condition, affecting millions of people worldwide. It is more prevalent in older adults and the risk of developing PAF increases with age. The condition is also more common in people with underlying heart disease, such as hypertension, coronary artery disease and heart failure
George Washington
Baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) is a novel treatment option for patients with heart failure that works by stimulating the body's natural baroreflex mechanism. This therapy involves the implantation of a device that sends electrical impulses to the baroreceptors located in the carotid arteries, which in turn signals the brain to regulate blood pressure and heart rate. In this article, we will discuss the benefits of BAT in patients with heart failure. A recent study published in the Journal of Cardiology aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BAT in patients with cardiomyopathy, both with and without coronary artery disease (CAD). The study included 30 patients with ischemic or non-ischemic cardiomyopathy who received BAT over a 6-month period. The study's primary endpoints were changes in exercise capacity, quality of life and NTproBNP levels
Salman Miki
Benign intracranial hypertension (BIH), also known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension, is a neurological condition characterized by increased intracranial pressure without a clear cause. It is most commonly seen in young overweight women, although it can affect people of any age, gender, or body type. The symptoms of BIH may include severe headaches, pulsatile tinnitus (ringing in the ears), transient visual obscurations, double vision, nausea and vomiting. These symptoms are often worse upon waking up in the morning or after changes in posture, such as standing up. If left untreated, BIH can cause vision loss and permanent damage to the optic nerves.
Maximilian Seidel*, Muhammed F. Kiziler, Sebastian Bertram, Simon Wang, Felix S. Seibert, Nina Babel, Timm H. Westhoff
Background: Sleep apnea is associated with hypertension. Metaanalyses indicate that treatment of sleep apnea by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) reduces blood pressure (BP) by a mean of 3 mmHg. To date, predictors of BP response to CPAP remain incompletely understood. We hypothesized that the magnitude of CPAP-induced BP reduction depends on baseline apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and the extent of daytime sleepiness. Methods: We performed a retrospective study on the association of BP response to CPAP with polysomnographic readings, intensity of sleepiness (measured by Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS), and epidemiologic parameters in 2461 patients with obstructive sleep apnea. BP response was defined as the difference between office BP at polysomonography examinations before and after initiation of CPAP. Results: 555 patients fulfilled all in- and exclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Median monthly CPAP usage was 143.7h (85.4-204.1h). BP was significantly higher at baseline than at follow-up (129.9±15.5 vs. 128.3±15.2, p=0.021) resulting in mean reduction of BP of -1.5±19.2 mmHg. Subjects with a higher than median baseline AHI (median 21) showed a more pronounced reduction of BP than those with lower AHI (AHI ≥21: 130.5±15.3 vs. 128.6±14.6, p=0.06; AHI <21: 129.5±15.8 vs. 127.9±15.8, p=0.18). CPAP therapy led to a significant reduction in sleepiness (8.3±4.8 vs. 6.6±4.5, p<0.0001). Those subjects with higher than median sleepiness score (ESS ≥8), however, did not show a significant difference in BP response compared to those with a lower sleepiness score. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses investigating the accuracy of AHI and ESS to predict a BP reduction ≥5 mmHg revealed an AUC of 0.51 and 0.52, respectively. Conclusion: The study confirms that CPAP therapy for sleep apnea has a mild BP lowering effect. Although this effect is slightly higher in patients with above-average AHI, neither AHI nor ESS can be used to define threshold values predicting a BP decrease ≥ 5 mmHg.
Hari Prasad Sonwani* and Aakanksha Sinha
DOI: 10.37421/2167-1095.2025.14.498
Because of the elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and arterial hypoxemia caused by acute pulmonary embolism, right heart failure may result. It is imperative that pulmonary hypertension patients receive effective vasodilator therapy. Thus, using a rabbit model of acute pulmonary embolism, we examined the effects of a recently created, potent pulmonary vasodilator called organic mononitrates of 1,2-propanediol (PDNO). Blood gases, plasma nitrite content, exhaled Nitric Oxide (NO), and systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics were measured in anesthetized and ventilated rabbits. PDNO and inorganic nitrite were infused intravenously and into the left ventricle of naive animals, as well as in animals with pulmonary hypertension caused by a thromboxane A2 analogue, in doseresponse tests. Second, an acute pulmonary embolism was created, and after 20 minutes, either PDNO or a placebo was injected intravenously and assessed within after pulmonary embolization by one hour. Compared to inorganic nitrite given intravenously, PDNO showed effective NO donation by increasing exhaled NO, reducing pulmonary hypertension, and dose-dependently vasodilating the systemic circulation. Gas exchange disruptions and pulmonary hypertension were brought on by pulmonary embolization. Without causing tolerance, PDNO significantly reduced and stabilized the right ventricular rate-pressure product and pulmonary vascular resistance. It also had no notable side effects on methemoglobin generation, blood-gas values, or the systemic circulation. To sum up, in the pulmonary circulation, PDNO functions as both an effective vasodilator and a donor of NO. In the event of a life-threatening acute pulmonary embolism, intravenous treatment with this or comparable organic nitrites may be the future of treatment to prevent right heart failure.
Chayil Gunpath*
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare but a rapidly increasing prevalent pulmonary disease that is characterised by vasoconstriction and inflammation of the pulmonary arteries leading to elevated pressure in the system eventually causing right heart failure and death. Cannabidiol (CBD), which is the major non-psychoactive component of cannabis, has substantial anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and analgesic effects. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of cannabidiol alone, and adjunctive therapy with selexipag, used in the treatment of PAH, by investigating its effects on the expression of the inflammatory and hypoxic biomarker, TNF-α, as well as the effect on BNP levels and oxidative stress in the blood and heart in a Monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rat model. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups of 8 animals consisting of: Control, MCT-Control, MCT-CBD, MCT-selexipag, and MCT-CBD-selexipag groups. The study ran for a total of 36 days with MCT (60 mg/kg) being injected interperitoneally on day 0 to 4 groups to induce PAH, CBD (10 mg/kg), Selexipag and a CBDselexipag combination were administered daily by oral gavage from day 21 onward to their respective groups. Post experiment, gene expression in the heart for TNF-α, BNP in the plasma, and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAOC) in the heart and plasma were determined, as well as a full haematological profile. Study results showed that both CBD and selexipag treatment increased the expression of BNP and decreased TAOC levels in the plasma most when co-administered. The highest TNF-α and T-AOC levels were recorded in the heart in the MCT-CBD group. Haemoglobin and platelet counts were also the highest in the MCT-CBD group. This shows us that CBD show’s promise as another therapeutic option in the treatment of PAH by targeting BNP, but only when taken in combination with selexipag. CBD also shows promise by decreasing oxidative stress, increasing T-AOC, in the heart during PAH. CBD did, however, not show promise in decreasing TNF-α levels, but rather increase it.
Journal of Hypertension: Open Access received 614 citations as per Google Scholar report
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