Ajay D Rao*, Huaqing Zhao, Ramachandran S Vasan and E Victor Adlin
Context: In a prior study we observed that adjustment of serum aldosterone for age, sex and sodium status led to confirmation of our hypothesis of bimodality of serum aldosterone in low-renin hypertension; the hypothesis was not statistically supported without this adjustment. Here we aim to further characterize the effect of this statistical adjustment on the normality of the distribution of serum aldosterone.
Methods: We analyzed data from 1486 normotensive men and women, aged 29 to 85, in the sixth examination cycle of the Framingham Offspring Study. We used independent two sample t-tests, regression of natural-log-transformed values of aldosterone on age, sex, and urinary sodium: creatinine ratio, the dip test for unimodality, dotplots, and Q-Q plots to study the normality of the distribution of aldosterone concentrations with and without statistical adjustment for the covariates listed above.
Results: The proportion of variability of serum aldosterone concentrations explained by age, sex, and urine sodium:creatinine ratio was 0.91%,1.3%, and 8%, respectively (p > 0.005). The distribution of adjusted serum aldosterone was unimodal (dip test: 2.26 ± 0.17 ng/dL, p = 0.997); when unadjusted, the distribution was not unimodal (dip test: 2.26 ± 0.50 ng/dL, p < 0.00005). The dotplot and Q-Q plot also showed a more normal distribution of serum aldosterone concentrations after adjustment.
Conclusion: Adjustment of serum aldosterone for age, sex, and urine sodium:creatinine ratio leads to a more normal aldosterone distribution. Further study is needed to determine whether the use of this adjustment in testing for primary aldosteronism may improve the accuracy of clinical testing
Luigi P. Badano , NS Dhalla, Yomna Galal Elkilany, Sherif Baath Allah, Jaipaul Singh, Ram B Singh, Navin C Nanda, Baset Essawy and Jan Fedacko
Systemic hypertension (HTN) is a syndrome and it can induce other diseases and biochemical abnormalities, including stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure (HF), obesity, kidney failure, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and even death. Epidemiological researches have established that HTN is a powerful contributor to major cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension is the single most important preventable cause of premature death in the Western world estimating at 20% of adult population. The quest to find effective treatment, both in terms of blood pressure control and prevention, such as heart attacks and strokes are still on-going. Although clinicians favor the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in terms of diastolic blood pressure elevation and categorical cut of points, epidemiological data show important influence of systolic blood pressure and associated risk factors that contribute to atherosclerosis predicting clinical HF. Early detection of subclinical myocardial disease among hypertensive population is a holy grail of all cardiologists, but difficult when using the conventional echocardiography (CE). By comparison to CE, speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is more specific obtaining longitudinal and circumferential strain, which are able to identify sub clinical myocardial abnormalities with a higher degree of accuracy. This review described the epidemiology of hypertension relating it to cardiovascular events including preclinical detection of cardiac dysfunction in HTN explaining how this could be detected by STE and other imaging modalities. These changes provide new targets for preclinical diagnosis monitoring responses to preventive strategies.
Awoke Tegegne, Getu Degu Alene
Background: One of the chronic diseases all over the world due to its significant contribution for the existence of the other health problems is hypertension. It is known that hypertensive patients also exposed to diabetes. The objective of current investigation was to identify socio- demographic and clinical predictors for the variation of hypertension and type2 diabetes for adults under treatments.
Methods: In current investigation, a random sample of 748 hypertensive and type2 diabetic patients was selected randomly. A retrospective longitudinal study design was conducted on the selected patients who were receiving treatments for both hypertension and type2 diabetes.
Results: The current investigation revealed that age and weight of patients were positively and significantly associated with existence of hypertension and type2 diabetes whereas; visiting times were negatively associated the variables of interests. Rural patients, patients who are smoking, drinking alcohols and patients with family disease history were joint predictors for existence of the variables of interests. The interactions of visiting times with sex, visiting times with residence area and age with sex of patients were also statistically significant factors for the existence of response variables. Hypertensive patients living in rural areas and those who are drinking and smoking were highly affected by the existence of type2 diabetes.
Conclusion: Awareness should be created to those hypertensive and type2 diabetic patients to attend properly their medication as prescribed by the health staff. Patients should also be advised to checkup their hypertension (systolic/ diastolic) and diabetes of type2 regularly.
Malgarin Desta, Tilahun Ermeko, Desalegn Bekele and Abate Lette
Hypertension prevention practices like physical exercise, healthy diet, avoid smoking and reducing alcohol intake play an important role in controlling hypertension. This study was assessed practice toward prevention of hypertension among non-hypertensive adults in Shashemene Town, West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia from August 2019 to September 2019. Methods: A Community based cross-sectional study design was employed on adult age resident of Shashemene town and a multi stage sampling technique was used to select 634 participants. Data was collected using structured questioner and Data collection was conducted by trained college students. The data was edited and entered into Epi-info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. Descriptive and analytical statistics including Bivariate and multivariate analyses was conducted inorder to check the prediction of associations between dependent and independent variables. Ethical considerations were adhered to in protecting the rights of participants. Result: The Overall practice toward prevention of hypertension was 56.52% out of 634 adults. Based on this study doing Physical exercise at least three times per week were 12.2 times (AOR=16.838, 95% CI: 4.769, 31.230); Participants who do not smoke cigarette were 3.1 times (AOR=3.116, 95 CI: 1.206, 8.054); Participants who do not use high amount of salt in their diet were 3.2 times (AOR=3.249, 95% CI 1.837, 5.746) more likely had practice toward prevention of hypertension as compared with others. It also indicated that there is a strong association between practice to prevent hypertension and age, educational status and Source of health information of the study participants Those age group greater than 36 years old were 2.6 times (AOR=2.617, 95% CI: 1.565, 4.375); Respondents with diploma, degree and more education level were 7.7 times (AOR=15.266, 95% CI: 2.643,22.389); Participants who read written material as source of health information were 3.4 times (AOR=3.364, 95% CI:1.718,6.585) more likely had practice toward prevention of hypertension
Katherine Williams
Dr. Sunil Natha Mhaske1, Dr. Pritish Raut2, Dr. Vinita Pande3, Dr. Sneha Mhaske*, Dr. Sudhir Jadhav5
Prehypertension is very common among adolescents and presents a risk for future persistent hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, implementing the lifestyle changes recommended in the Working Group report is likely to be beneficial for the long?term cardiac health of these children. Future efforts in this area should focus on redefinitions of both prehypertension and hypertension, identifying risks associated with prehypertension in younger children, and improving our prevention strategies at both the individual and community levels.
Dodi Irwan Siregar
We consider the role played by an industry’s factor intensities and assess whether industries that have high physical and human capital intensities generate more pollution per unit of output. Fish from wild capture fisheries and aquaculture make a crucial contribution to both global food production and overall nutrition (SDG2, zero hunger; SDG3, good health and well-being), providing 3 billion people with almost 20% of their mean per capita intake of animal protein4 and providing essential micronutrients in otherwise deficient diets. The human health effects of omega-3 oils are the subject of much scientific and policy interest. The specific roles of a-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) in preventing cardiovascular disease. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis to predict and predict changes in the value of certain variables when other variables change. Correlation is one of the statistical analysis techniques used to find the relationship of how strong the relationship between two or more variables that are quantitative. By using the Linearity Test (Lillie force test) where f count > f table is, 68.978411 > 3.354 Then, Ho is rejected. This means that multiple linear regression analysis can be used to predict Life expectancy at birth, total (years in Italy by analyzing Variable Capture fisheries production (metric tons) and Industry (including construction), value added (current US$) data. Obtained the multiple linear regression equation is Y = 84.98627772 - 2.1921E-05X1 + 4.51839E-12X2, the correlation value of the variables above is 0.922937 the value is superior correlation scale ranging from 0.76 to 0.99. Is where t1 count < t table is -10.1945 < 2.052, then Ho is accepted, meaning there is no significant effect partially between the Variable Life expectancy at birth and Capture fisheries production (metric tons). Then the value of the t2 count > t table is 2,638824 > 2.052, Ho is rejected, it means that there is a large significant influence partially between the Life expectancy at birth and against the Industry (including construction), value added (current US$) variable in the Italy 1990 - 2016.
