Journal of Oncology Translational Research

With the feat vibrations in soul we push ahead towards the 15th World Congress on Stem Cell Research, Cell and Gene Therapy that is made arrangements for the time of March 23 and 24, 2021. Subject “Breakthroughs in stem cell research & Regenerative Medicine" joins brief building block Presentations, Verbal discussions, Poster displays, Video presentations, workshops, and Exhibitions.

The meeting will run all through a scope of time, ultimately of the show contingent upon the sum and term of the presentations. With its excessive-quality, it offers an incredibly good degree of presentation for understudies, instructors, and adventure researchers.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have been widely used in stem cell-based therapy due to their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. They secrete many types of cytokines by paracrine secretion leading to this immunomodulation. The immunomodulatory effects of MSCs are further triggered by the activation of TLR receptors in MSCs, which is stimulated by pathogen-associated molecules such as LPS or double-stranded RNA from virus-like the HCoV-19. In December 2019, the whole world has encountered a new pandemic Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which is originated from China and spread all over the world in a few months. The Clinical situation of COVID-19 infection varies from mild fever to respiratory failure resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death. Increased proinflammatory cytokine activation with detrimental alterations in the lungs has been suggested as a hallmark in the pathogenesis of infection. Since there is no effective cure or vaccine, primary prevention strategies such as avoiding close contact and attention to personal hygiene are strongly recommended. Recent studies have demonstrated that the first step of the HCoV-19 pathogenesis is that the virus specifically recognizes the angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2) by its spike protein and therefore ACE2-positive cells are infected by the HCoV-19 virus. Unfortunately, the ACE2 receptor is widely distributed on cells surface, especially the alveolar type II cells (AT2) and capillary endothelium.

Inter-organ communication plays a pivotal role in regulating whole organism physiological responses to changes in environmental factors such as nutrition. Over nutrition, or obesity, can lead to adipocyte dysfunction and is often associated with human diseases, including type 2 diabetes and many cancers. The Drosophila melanogaster ovary, a stem cell-supported organ, is highly responsive to dietary changes, showing a severe reduction in egg production when female flies are fed a protein-poor diet. This effect on egg production is mediated by nutrient-sensing pathways acting within the ovary and remote nutrient sensing by other tissues such as the fat body. We have previously shown that amino acid sensing specifically in adipocytes, the major cellular component of the Drosophila fat body controls germline stem cell (GSC) maintenance in adult ovaries. Reduced adipocyte amino acid transport leads to loss of GSCs by activation of the amino acid response pathway. We hypothesize that the amino acid response pathway mediates GSC loss by reducing translation of factors necessary for maintenance. The highly conserved AAR pathway further activates two downstream effects that may mediate its control on GSC maintenance: a global reduction in translation and selective up-regulation of ATF4 dependent transcription.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have shown remarkable regenerative potential to treat many diseases through various mechanisms. Mitochondria transfer through stem cell has emerged as an efficient strategy to repair and regenerate damaged cells in asthma, damaged alveolar cells in lung and renal tubular cells. Though mitochondria transfer through stem cells has also been observed in case of cardiac and neuronal cells, but the ability of regeneration has not been well investigated. In this study, we have compared regenerative potential of MSCs from different tissue origins and shown their ability to repair cardiac and neuronal cells under oxidative stress. MSCs were obtained from different tissue sources such as bone marrow (BM), adipose (AD), dental pulp (DP) and Wharton’s jelly (WJ). Antimycin A has been used to induce oxidative stress by elevating levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cardiac and neuronal cells under oxidative stress were stained with cell trace violet and then co-cultured with tissue-specific MSCs whose mitochondria were labeled green with Mitotracker green.

Recently various stem cells derived conditioned medium are at great interest because of their different therapeutic potentials and greater safety in comparison with stem cells. Combination of these conditioned media with various kind of scaffolds can also mimic the environment of cell in human body. Wharton jelly mesenchymal stem cells derived conditioned medium contains growth factors such as VEGF, IGF and FGF which are the potent factors for tissue damage and wound healing. Collagen scaffolds due to their known advantages for skin disorders can be the best candidates for this combination. In the current study we evaluated the effect of combination of the Wharton‘s jelly mesenchymal stem cell derived conditioned medium and alovera/ collagen scaffold on physical and biological properties of scaffolds for tissue engineering application. Wharton‘s jelly mesenchymal cells were cultured using DMEM, supplemented with 10% (v/v) FBS, 10 μg/mL streptomycin and 100 mg/mL penicillin then conditioned medium were obtained using FBS free media for 72 hours and added to prepared alovera/collagen scaffolds according to the protocol. Alovear/Collagen scaffold was evaluated by Fourier transforms infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.

Backgrounds and Objectives: Designing a suitable in vitro model of vascular system could lead us understanding the mechanism which chemicals affecting them. Due to 3R principles, we are trying for alternative models to animal testing. Stem cells specially induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with ability of differentiation to all organs of body including vascular system could be a good substitute. In this study we differentiated iPS cells toward endothelial cells using a novel cocktail of small molecules and growth factors as a model for our toxicology assessment. We started our toxicity part using cyclosporin A(CSA) which is known as a potent immunosuppressive agent in pharmacologic studies. Beside the positive effect of CSA, there is emerging evidence showing its effect on inducing long-term vascular dysfunction and angiogenesis impairment in patients. We designed this study in order to get deeper insights into effect of CSA on angiogenesis of endothelial cells and finding out the exact mechanisms.

There are many types of cancer. It’s not just one disease. Cancer can start in the lungs, the breast, the colon, or even in the blood. Cancers are alike in some ways, but they are different in the ways they grow and spread.
Breast and Lung Cancer occurs when changes called mutations take place in genes that regulate cell growth. The mutations let the cells divide and multiply in an uncontrolled way, cells in our bodies all have certain jobs to do. Normal cells divide in an orderly way. They die when they are worn out or damaged, and new cells take their place. In cancer, the cells keep on growing and making new cells. They crowd out normal cells. This causes problems in the part of Breast or Lung where the cancer started. They can also spread to other parts of the body.