Journal of Surgery

Background: The mandible is a typical site for face fractures. Extraoral rather than intraoral treatments are typically recommended for treating subcondylar fractures among the various surgical techniques because they may be given an adequate surgical vision. The majority of physicians concurred that fractures of the mandibular condylar neck or subcondyle, either displaced bilaterally or unilaterally are the right surgical indications for ORIF.

Aim of the work: To compare between intraoral, transparotid and retromandibular approaches in management of submandibular fracture.

Patients and methods: This study included 20 patients complaining of subcondylar fracture of mandible in plastic Menoufia University's medical faculty has a department of surgery. Three groups of patients were assigned to them based on surgical approach: Group A included seven patients undergoing surgical fixation via the intraoral approach. Group B included seven patients undergoing surgical fixation via the transparotid approach. Group C included six patients undergoing surgical fixation via the retromandibular approach.

Results: Between groups, a statistically significant difference was discovered. Regarding operating and time. Intraoral approach had a signifcanlty longer operating time compared to transparotid and retromandibular approaches. Between groups, a statistically significant difference was discovered regrading field of surgical exposure retromandibular and trasnpartid have wide field of exposur. Surgical site infection was reported in two (28.6%), one (14.3%), Facial weakness was reported in four (57.1%) patients in group A and One (14.3%) patient in group B. Two (28.6%) and One (14.3%) patient in groups A and B respectively suffered from a salivary fistula. Implant loosening was reported in one (14.3%) patient in group A, and one (16.7%) patient in group C. Trismus was reported in one (14.3%) patient in group B, and one (16.7%) patient in group C.s SIX patient in group A (78.1%) and four patient (57.1%) in group B complaining of visible scar . No occlusal stability was reported in either group and one No cases of postoperative bleeding were reported.

Conclusion: Transparotid and retromandibular were better approaches in management of submandibular fracture.

Surgery has long been a cornerstone of medical practice, offering life-saving interventions and improved quality of life for patients facing various health challenges. However, the field is not without its limitations and complications. Traditional surgical approaches often involve the removal or repair of damaged tissues, leaving patients with the challenge of recovering from significant trauma. In recent years, breakthroughs in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have opened new frontiers, providing innovative solutions to address these challenges. Tissue engineering represents a paradigm shift in the field of surgery, focusing on the development of artificial tissues and organs that can replace or augment damaged biological structures. Scientists and researchers are now exploring novel biomaterials, such as scaffolds and matrices, to create environments conducive to tissue growth and regeneration. This approach holds tremendous promise for patients who have undergone extensive surgical procedures or suffered from traumatic injuries. One key aspect of tissue engineering lies in biomimicry, the emulation of natural biological processes. Researchers are designing scaffolds that replicate the extracellular matrix, providing a structural framework for cells to adhere, proliferate, and differentiate. By mimicking the body's native environment, these scaffolds facilitate the regeneration of functional tissues.

Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) has revolutionized the field of surgery, offering patients less pain, quicker recovery times, and reduced scarring compared to traditional open procedures. Over the years, continuous innovation has propelled MIS techniques to new heights, expanding their applications across various medical specialties. This comprehensive review explores the latest advancements in minimally invasive surgery, highlighting technological breakthroughs, improved instrumentation, and evolving surgical approaches. The roots of minimally invasive surgery can be traced. When laparoscopic techniques gained prominence in gynecology and general surgery. Since then, MIS has evolved significantly, with advancements driven by technological innovation, improved understanding of human anatomy, and a commitment to enhancing patient outcomes. Laparoscopic surgery, characterized by small incisions and the use of a camera for visualization, paved the way for minimally invasive approaches. Early advancements in laparoscopy focused on refining instruments, enhancing video quality, and improving ergonomics for surgeons. As a result, procedures such as cholecystectomy and appendectomy became routine laparoscopic interventions, setting the stage for further innovation. One of the most significant advancements in MIS is the integration of robotic-assisted surgery.

The rapid advancement of surgical technologies is reshaping the landscape of modern healthcare, offering innovative solutions and improved patient outcomes. As these technologies continue to evolve, it is imperative to critically examine the ethical implications associated with their development, implementation, and impact on patient care. This article explores the ethical considerations surrounding emerging surgical technologies, addressing issues related to patient autonomy, safety, equity, and the responsible use of cutting-edge innovations. Patient autonomy, the principle that individuals have the right to make decisions about their own medical care, is a cornerstone of ethical healthcare practice. In the context of emerging surgical technologies, ensuring informed consent becomes increasingly complex, as patients must comprehend the implications of novel procedures and technologies that may be unfamiliar. Surgeons and healthcare providers bear the ethical responsibility of effectively communicating the risks and benefits of emerging surgical technologies to patients. This involves not only explaining the potential benefits of the technology but also detailing any uncertainties, experimental nature, and possible unforeseen consequences. Transparent communication empowers patients to make informed decisions about their healthcare, aligning with the principles of respect for autonomy. Managing patient expectations is crucial, especially when dealing with technologies that may be perceived as revolutionary or cutting-edge.

Virtual reality technology has emerged as a transformative force in various industries, and its application in healthcare, particularly in surgical training and practice, is revolutionizing the way surgeons acquire and hone their skills. This article delves into the current landscape and potential future developments of Virtual reality in surgical training and practice, exploring the benefits, challenges, and ethical considerations associated with this cutting-edge technology. Virtual reality provides surgeons with immersive simulation environments that replicate surgical scenarios with remarkable realism. These simulations go beyond traditional methods, allowing trainees to practice procedures in a risk-free and controlled setting. VR surgical simulators often include realistic haptic feedback, enabling users to experience the tactile sensations associated with various surgical manoeuvres. Surgical training in Virtual reality extends to procedural training and skill acquisition. Trainees can practice a wide range of surgical techniques, from basic procedures to complex interventions, in a virtual setting that closely mimics the operating room environment. This handson experience enhances muscle memory, spatial awareness, and decision-making skills, contributing to a more proficient and confident surgical workforce. The future of Virtual reality in surgical practice holds the promise of patient-specific simulations.