Journal of Diabetic Complications & Medicine

Rats were used to study the antioxidant capacities of amla extracts and their impact on the oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were given amla orally for 20 days in the form of either the commercial enzymatic extract Sun Amla or a polyphenol-rich fraction of ethyl acetate extract. Strong free radical scavenging action was demonstrated by amla extracts. Moreover, the formation of advanced glycosylated end products was significantly inhibited by amla. The oral administration of amla extracts to diabetic rats considerably reduced several oxidative stress markers in their serum while also somewhat improving body weight growth.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterised by hyperglucagonemia. We looked at how insulin and hyperglycemia, both of which are common in those who can tolerate glucose normally, affected the suppression of plasma glucagon levels. Hyperglucagonemia contributes to fasting as well as postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 Diabetic mellitus. Multiple studies have shown that impaired suppression of glucagon following a meal is a characteristic feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus and contributes to the hyperglycemia.

Patient 1 was identified as having inherited fructose intolerance and carries a rare homozygous pathogenic mutation in ALDOB. A uncommon heterozygous mutation in APOB is present in patient 2. This APOB variant's pathogenicity was further confirmed in the UK Biobank and connected to decreased levels of circulating APOB. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is becoming more common, and some people will develop severe liver conditions such cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer. Lean patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease make up the majority of the population, and observational studies have produced inconsistent findings about the severity and prognosis of the disease, which may be attributed to more diverse disease causes.

Individuals who experienced both acute myocardial infarction and hyperglycaemic myocardial infarction upon admission to the hospital had a worse prognosis than those who did not. The ability of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 myocardial infarction inhibitors to treat acute hyperglycaemic myocardial infarction and the underlying processes remains unknown. When non-diabetic myocardial infarction caused by a glucose injection cooccurred with acute hyperglycaemic myocardial infarction in WT myocardial infarction. The survival rate was lower than in the control group. After using empagliflozin, a notable improvement in LV function and survival was seen. Also, when a myocardial infarction was coupled with an acute hyperglycaemic myocardial infarction, empagliflozin decreased fibrosis and autophagy of border cardiac tissue.

Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogs are widely used chemicals in the manufacturing of various consumer products such as plastics, food packaging and thermal papers. However, recent studies have shown that exposure to these chemicals can disrupt glucose homeostasis in the body, leading to metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. One such analog of BPA is Bisphenol F (BPF), which has been found to trigger hyperglycemia by acting on insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas. BPF exposure upregulates the expression of miR- 200 family in the pancreas which in turn targets two critical genes, Mettl14 and Xiap, leading to pancreatic apoptosis.